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Study on the Visibility Performance of Nocturnal Safety Clothing Based on Luminescent Fabrics Cover

Study on the Visibility Performance of Nocturnal Safety Clothing Based on Luminescent Fabrics

Open Access
|Apr 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

The first group clothing samples. (a) With light. (b) Without light.

Figure 2

The second group clothing samples. (a) With light. (b) Without light.

Figure 3

The design of the experimental environment.

Figure 4

The XRD patterns of the luminous material and the luminous fiber.

Figure 5

The FTIR spectra of the luminous material and the luminous fiber.

Figure 6

The Emission spectra of the luminous material and the luminous fiber.

Figure 7

The CIE chromaticity diagram of the luminous material and the luminous fiber.

Figure 8

The afterglow spectrum of the first group clothing samples.

Figure 9

The afterglow spectrum of the second group clothing samples.

Figure 10

Eye tracking thermal map of the first group clothing samples.

Figure 11

Eye tracking thermal map of the second group clothing samples.

Data regression analysis of the first group clothing samples_

SampleRegression equationR2 F
SP1-WF y = 3.799942 − 0.07052 x 1 − 0.074857 x 2 0.53524944.34004
SP2-EF y = 2.369090 − 0.035694 x 1 − 0.047714 x 2 0.2933115.97933
SP3-SF y = 2.808598 − 0.085116 x 1 − 0.024286 x 2 0.46553433.53452
SP4-WCF y = 5.533728 − 0.101445 x 1 − 0.102286 x 2 0.729539103.8496

Production schemes of the first group clothing samples_

Sample nameFabric materialColorWeaving method
SP1-WFWoven fabricWhiteWeaving
SP2-EFEmbroidered threadWhiteEmbroidering
SP3-SFCoated fabricWhite-blueCoating
SP4-WC FCoated fabricWhiteCoating

Visibility values of the first group clothing samples_

Distance (m)Time (min)Sample
SP1-WFSP2-EFSP3-SFSP4-WCF
303.42.22.84.8
53.21.82.84.8
102.41.42.64.4
202.81.42.43.8
503.632.44.8
53.222.44.8
102.61.61.83.8
202.21.41.63.2
1003.42.21.84.6
52.41.21.23.8
101.81.41.42.8
201.41.21.22.4
200321.24.4
52.2113.2
101112
201111.2

Evaluation criteria_

ValueIdentifiability of the clothing samples
5Excellent, can be recognized exactly
4Good, can be recognized easily
3Average, can be recognized normally
2Fair, can be recognized partly
1Poor, can be recognized slightly

Fixation frequency of the first group clothing samples_

SampleSP1-WFSP2-EFSP3-SFSP4-WCF
Fixation frequency2.151.234.003.31
Standard deviation1.861.012.521.55

Data regression analysis of the second group clothing samples_

SampleThe regression equationR2 F
SP4-WCF y = 5.582890 − 0.073988 x 1 − 0.126286 x 2 0.71572396.93141
SP5-PCF y = 4.724855 − 0.076301 x 1 − 0.134286 x 2 0.62072263.00868
SP6-BCF y = 4.964480 − 0.084682 x 1 − 0.138286 x 2 0.6542572.85224
SP6-YCF y = 4.366199 − 0.061705 x 1 − 0.133429 x 2 0.58006553.1809

Fixation frequency of the second group clothing samples_

SampleSP4-WCFSP5-PCFSP6-BCFSP7-YCF
Fixation frequency3.853.081.921.62
Standard deviation1.681.750.761.45

Initial brightness and plateau brightness of the second group clothing samples (cd/m2)_

SamplesInitial brightnessPlateau brightness
SP1-WF0.26280.0104
SP2-EF0.15840.0093
SP3-SF0.22650.0131
SP4-WCF0.87420.0477

Colorimetric parameters_

SampleChromaticity coordinatesDominant wavelengthPurity
X Y
SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ 0.26400.46055300.3880
Luminous fiber0.20250.53605150.656

Production schemes of the second group clothing samples_

Sample nameFabric materialColorWeaving method
SP4-WCFWhite-coated fabricWhiteCoating
SP5-PCFPink-coated fabricPinkCoating
SP6-BCFBlue-coated fabricBlueCoating
SP7-YCFYellow-coated fabricYellowCoating

Visibility values of the second group clothing samples_

Distance (m)Time (min)Samples
SP4-WCFSP5-PCFSP6-BCFSP7-YCF
304.84.44.64.2
54.63.84.23.6
104.23.23.42.4
203.61.82.41.6
5054.24.44.2
553.843.4
103.62.42.62.4
202.61.81.61.6
10054.64.44.6
54.83.83.83
1032.42.21.8
202.21.41.41.4
2004.83.43.83.4
53.62.22.42.2
102111
201.6111

Initial brightness and the plateau brightness of the first group clothing samples (cd/m2)_

SamplesInitial brightnessPlateau brightness
SP4-WCF0.87420.0477
SP5-PCF0.60870.0361
SP6-BCF0.38700.0386
SP7-YCF0.41910.0238
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2026-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2300-7354 | Journal ISSN: 1230-3666
Language: English
Page range: 28 - 38
Submitted on: Apr 27, 2025
Accepted on: Feb 16, 2026
Published on: Apr 27, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open

© 2026 Yanhong Yan, Hongtuo Li, Ruixin Xu, Yonggui Li, published by Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.