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Chrome-Free Sheep Leathers with Antimicrobiological Protection for Medical and Therapeutic Applications Cover

Chrome-Free Sheep Leathers with Antimicrobiological Protection for Medical and Therapeutic Applications

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Volume 32 (2024): Issue 3 (June 2024)
By:   
Open Access
|Jun 2024
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Test results of physical and chemical parameters for sheep skins protected with an agent containing a zinc pyrithione formulation.

No.Indicator nameUnit of measureResultTechnical requirements according to ŁIT in KrakowMethod
1.

  • Tear strength

  • - along

  • - across

N

  • 206,4

  • 188,5

≥ 100PN –EN ISO 3376:2012
2.

  • Max. elongation

  • - along

  • - across

%

  • 59,6

  • 58,8

≥ 50
3.

  • Temperature of shrink

  • - along

  • - across

ºC

  • 86

  • 85,5

> 70PN-EN ISO 3380:2015-11
4.

  • Abrasion resistance load 9 kPa

  • - dry

  • - wet

number of cycles

  • 25 600

  • in the middle part of the samples, the fleece was abrasion to a height of about 10 mm, full fleece was observed at the periphery of the samples;

  • 12 800

  • fulling of wool hair

  • ≥ 25 600 without skin damage

  • ≥ 12 800 without skin damage

PN-EN ISO 20344:2012 p.6.12
5.

  • pH / number of differences

  • - wool

  • - skin

-

  • 3,5

  • 4,3

  • 3,5–7,0

  • For pH < 4,00 number of differences ≤0,7

PN-EN ISO 4045:2018-09
6.Water vapour permeabilitymg/(cm2 h)11,43≥ 4

  • PN-EN ISO 14268:2013-03 (water vapor permeability for leather)

  • PN-EN ISO 17229:2016-05 (water vapor absorption)

Water vapour absorptionmg/cm27,74not normalized
7.Water vapour coefficientmg/cm299,2min. 33
8.

  • Seam tearing force

  • - along

  • - across

N

  • 111,7

  • 113,5

≥ 70PN-EN ISO 23910
9.Formaldehydemg/kg(58,1 ±0,8)≤ 75,0PN-EN ISO 17226-2:2019-05
10.Chrome(VI)mg/kgundetectable 1/undetectablePN-EN ISO 5398-2:2010

[i] Note: 1/ chrome no was used in the tanning technology of sheep leather

Fig. 1.

The evaluation of antibacterial activity of sheep leather samples on the flesh and fleece side

Table 2.

Determination of the antibacterial activity of leather samples against bacteria: S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa

Sample No.Staphylococcus aureusEscherichia coliPseudomonas aeruginosa
Inhibition zone of growth [mm] W/SGrowth W/SAssessment W/SInhibition zone of growth [mm] W/SGrowth W/SAssessment W/SInhibition zone of growth [mm] W/SGrowth W/SAssessment W/S
10/0heavy/noneinsufficient effect/good effect0/0heavy/noneinsufficient effect/good effect0/0heavy/noneinsufficient effect/good effect
20/0heavy/noneinsufficient effect/good effect0/0heavy/noneinsufficient effect/good effect0/0heavy/noneinsufficient effect/good effect
30/6heavy/noneinsufficient effect/good effect0/7heavy/noneinsufficient effect/good effect0/7,5heavy/noneinsufficient effect/good effect
41,5/5,5none/nonegood effect/good effect1,5/7none/nonegood effect/good effect0/2,5none/nonegood effect/good effect

[i] Note: W - wool fleece of leather adheres to the agar; S - flesh of leather adheres to the agar

Fig. 2.

The evaluation of antifungal activity of sheep leather samples on the flesh and fleece side

Fig. 3.

The evaluation of antifungal activity of sheep leather samples – assessment of growth in agar medium under the samples

Table 3.

Determination of antifungal activity of leather samples against fungi: C. albicans, A. brasiliensis and T. mentagrophytes

Sample numberCandida albicansAspergillus brasiliensisTrichophyton mentagrophytes
Inhibition zone of growth [mm] W/SAssessment of growth on samples W/SAssessment of growth in agar medium under the samples W/SInhibition zone of growth [mm] W/SAssessment of growth on samples W/SAssessment of growth in agar medium under the samples W/SInhibition zone of growth [mm] W/SAssessment of growth on samples W/SAssessment of growth in agar medium under the samples W/S
10/01*/15/50/04/35/30/03/34/2
20/01*/15/40/04/24/30/03/24/1
30/01*/05/00/533/04/00/623/04/0
454/650/00/00/290/00/071/590/00/0

[i] Note: W - wool fleece of leather adheres to the agar; S - flesh of leather adheres to the agar;

[ii] */ no visible growth on the surface of the sample, no possibility to evaluate the growth under the microscope

Fig. 4.

Inhibition demonstration of bacterial growth by sample no. 4

Fig. 5.

Inhibition demonstration of fungal growth by sample no. 4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2024-0021 | Journal eISSN: 2300-7354 | Journal ISSN: 1230-3666
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 9
Published on: Jun 27, 2024
Published by: Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open
Keywords:
sheep leather with fleece,
chrome-free tanning,
antimicrobial protection,
anti-decubitus sheet
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Business management,
Business informatics,
Process management,
Industrial chemistry,
Cellulose, paper and textiles,
Polymer science and technology,
Materials sciences,
Biomaterials and natural materials

© 2024 Michalina Falkiewicz-Dulik, published by Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 32 (2024): Issue 3 (June 2024)
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