Effect of growth conditions on wood properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Property	Used standard	Number of tests
Oven-dry density	ISO 13061-2:2014 (2014)	1.478
Static bending strength across-the-grain	ISO 13061-3:2014 (2014)	1.136
Compression strength along-the-grain	ISO 13061-17:2017 (2017)	1.484
Hardness along-the-grain	ISO 13061-12:2017 (2017)	952

Table 2

Pine wood physical properties (mean ± SE) at different heights.

Characteristic and unit	Sampling height	Site type				P-value, ANOVA
Characteristic and unit	Sampling height	Heath	Drained raised bog	Raised bog	Myrtillus site type	P-value, ANOVA
Diameter at breast height, mm	h_1.3	164.4±3.5	156.5±2.0	124.2±2.0^**	226.3±3.2^**	<0.0001
Heartwood annual ring width, mm	h_1.3	1.37±0.08	0.92±0.08^**	0.88±0.05^**	2.19±0.11^**	<0.0001
Heartwood annual ring width, mm	h_1/2	1.74±0.15	2.72±0.16^**	2.12±0.25	2.72±0.24^**	0.0002
h_3/4	2.13±0.43	1.88±0.30	1.95±0.03	2.61±0.18	0.5127
Sapwood annual ring width, mm	h_1.3	0.95±0.06	1.20±0.07^**	0.99±0.04	1.23±0.09^**	0.0142
Sapwood annual ring width, mm	h_1/2	1.29±0.10	1.86±0.07^**	1.77±0.06^*	1.20±0.09	<0.0001
h_3/4	1.81±0.14	2.51±0.13^**	2.18±0.07	1.71±0.17	0.0003
Latewood in heartwood, %	h_1.3	36.6±1.4	26.9±1.3^**	25.7±1.4^**	33.1±1.1	<0.0001
Latewood in heartwood, %	h_1/2	26.7±1.6	16.7±1.1^**	16.0±1.9^**	23.3±0.9	<0.0001
h_3/4	24.1±3.0	19.6±3.8	16.6±6.2	22.7±0.9	0.6653
Latewood in sapwood, %	h_1.3	44.6±0.9	36.3±1.3^**	31.4±2.1^**	42.1±0.9^*	<0.0001
Latewood in sapwood, %	h_1/2	34.2±1.1	30.9±0.8^*	24.2±0.9^**	31.9±0.9	<0.0001
h_3/4	29.0±1.1	23.8±0.9^**	23.0±2.2^*	25.6±1.0	0.0034
Proportion of heartwood, %	h_1.3	22.3±2.3	17.7±2.2	12.4±1.3^*	36.2±4.1^**	<0.0001
Proportion of heartwood, %	h_1/2	17.3±2.2	9.1±1.1^**	4.0±0.9^**	32.2±4.6^**	<0.0001
h_3/4	2.9±0.7	0.6±0.1^**	0.1±0.1^*	10.9±2.2^**	<0.0001
Number of annual rings in sapwood, pcs	h_1.3	49.8±2.5	35.7±1.4^**	42.5±3.4	40.9±1.4^*	<0.0001
Number of annual rings in sapwood, pcs	h_1/2	33.9±1.9	21.2±0.4^**	24.5±1.0^*	30.2±1.2	<0.0001
h_3/4	24.3±1.9	14.90.5^**	15.3±0.8^**	23.8±1.5	<0.0001
Oven-dry density of heartwood, kg/m³	h_1.3	553±11	457±0^**	425±21^**	489±8^**	<0.0001
Oven-dry density of heartwood, kg/m³	h_1/2	442±10	378±10^**	371±15^**	410±11^*	<0.0001
h_3/4	444±13			391±10^**	0.0043
Oven-dry density of sapwood, kg/m³	h_1.3	583±7	497±12^**	441±26^**	563±10	<0.0001
Oven-dry density of sapwood, kg/m³	h_1/2	469±8	420±8^**	408±13^**	464±10	<0.0001
h_3/4	445±9	381±6^**	370±10^**	424±9	<0.0001

Heartwood and sapwood oven-dry density (kg/m³) at the same latewood percentage in heath pine forests.

Heartwood and sapwood oven-dry density (kg/m³) at the same latewood percentage in drained raised bog pine forests.

Table 3

Pine wood mechanical properties (mean ± SE) at different heights.

Characteristic	Sampling height	Site type				P-value, ANOVA
Characteristic	Sampling height	Heath	Drained raised bog	Raised bog	Myrtillus site type	P-value, ANOVA
Bending strength of heartwood, MPa	h_1.3	103±3	73±2^**	72±6^**	88±3^**	<0.0001
Bending strength of heartwood, MPa	h_1/2	82±3	54±3^**	54±3^**	71±2^**	<0.0001
h_3/4	74±2	53±0^**		67±2	0.0004
Bending strength of sapwood, MPa	h_1.3	123±2	92±3^**	82±7^**	111±4^**	<0.0001
Bending strength of sapwood, MPa	h_1/2	92±2	73±2^**	70±4^**	91±2	<0.0001
h_3/4	80±2	57±2^**	53±5	79±2	<0.0001
Compression strength of heartwood, MPa	h_1.3	60.5±1.5	52.5±1.5^**	46.5±4.5^**	53.0±1.5^**	<0.0001
Compression strength of heartwood, MPa	h_1/2	48.5±4.0	39.5±1.0^**	39.5±2.0^**	45.5±1.5	<0.0001
h_3/4	44.5±2.0			40.5±2.0	0.1092
Compression strength of sapwood, MPa	h_1.3	69.0±1.0	59.0±1.5^**	52.0±5.5^**	63.0±2.0^**	<0.0001
Compression strength of sapwood, MPa	h_1/2	54.5±1.0	48.5±1.0^**	47.5±2.5^**	54.0±1.5	0.0003
h_3/4	46.5±1.0	41.5±1.0^*	40.5±1.5	48.0±1.5	0.0008
Hardness of heartwood, MPa	h_1.3	38±2	34±1	33±2	33±1^*	0.0269
Hardness of heartwood, MPa	h_1/2	31±1	28±1^*	30±1	26±1^**	0.0072
h_3/4	31±1	28±1^*	31±1	26±1	0.0034
Hardness of sapwood, MPa	h_1.3	41±1	36±1^*	34±3^**	35±1^**	0.0022
Hardness of sapwood, MPa	h_1/2	34±1	34±1	32±2	28±1^**	0.0003
h_3/4	32±1	33±1	32±1	27±1	0.0021

Scots pine heartwood and sapwood across-the-grain bending strength (MPa) in various forest site types at the same oven-dry density (kg/m³).

Scots pine heartwood and sapwood along-the-grain compression strength (MPa) in various forest site types at the same oven-dry density (kg/m³).

Scots pine heartwood and sapwood along-the-grain hardness (MPa) in various forest site types at the same oven-dry density (kg/m³).

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2021-0019 | Journal eISSN: 1736-8723 | Journal ISSN: 1406-9954

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Language: English, Estonian

Page range: 176 - 187

Submitted on: Dec 2, 2021

Accepted on: Dec 27, 2021

Published on: Jun 4, 2022

Published by: Estonian University of Life Sciences

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

wood density,

latewood,

bending strength,

compression strength,

hardness

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Plant science

© 2022 Regino Kask, Jaak Pikk, Ahto Kangur, published by Estonian University of Life Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 75 (2021): Issue 1 (December 2021)

Effect of growth conditions on wood properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Table 2

Figure 1

Figure 2

Table 3

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

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