Figure 1.
Relative frequency of broadleaved tree species in Lebanon.
Table 1.
International common names of Quercus cerris L.
| Language | Name | References |
|---|---|---|
| English | Turkey oak, Austrian oak, Bitter oak, Iron oak, Mossy-cupped oak | CABI, 2021 Burlacu et al., 2020 |
| French | Chêne chevelu, chêne de Bourgogne, Chêne de Turkuie, Cerre | CABI, 2021 |
| Arabic | Ezer | Lebanon Flora, 2013 |
| Spanish | Marojo | CABI, 2021 |
| Italian | Cerro, Serro | CABI, 2021 |
Figure 2.
The bark shape of Turkey oak.
Figure 3.
The dark green leaves of Turkey oak.
Figure 4.
Acorns with a hairy cup.
Figure 5.
Forest dominated by Turkey oak in North Lebanon.
Table 2.
Summarized MIC values for different Quercus cerris extracts obtained from literature data.
| Quercus cerris extracts MIC μg/mL) | Sm | Sa | Sp | MRSA | Lm | Ca | Ck | Cp | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf butanol extract | - | 200 | - | - | - | 64 | 64 | 128 | Hobby et al., 2012 Şöhretoğlu et al., 2007 |
| Leaf ethyl acetate extract | - | - | - | - | - | 128 | 64 | 128 | Şöhretoğlu et al., 2007 |
| Leaf aqueous extract | - | - | - | - | - | 128 | 64 | 128 | Şöhretoğlu et al., 2007 |
| Stem/root butanol extract | - | 200 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Hobby et al., 2012 |
| Wood methanol extract | 130 | 30 | 80 | 30 | 500 | - | - | - | Şmailagić et al., 2020 |
Figure 6.
Trenches installed around the infected tree (Adopted from Fite, 2018).
Figure 7.
Soil compress plastered all over the canker (Adopted from Weidlich, 1978).