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Effects of burn season on large seedlings of oak and other hardwood regeneration three years after shelterwood harvest Cover

Effects of burn season on large seedlings of oak and other hardwood regeneration three years after shelterwood harvest

Forestry Studies
Volume 71 (2019): Issue 1 (December 2019)
By:  and    
Open Access
|Dec 2019
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1

The species present in the overstory prior to harvest in the Richland Furnace State Forest and Zaleski State Forest, southern Ohio.

Upland OakMixed HardwoodsUnderstoryHickory
Quercus alba L.
Quercus coccinea Muenchh.
Quercus prinus L.
Quercus rubra L.
Quercus velutina Lam.		Acer saccharum Marsh.
Acer rubrum L.
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.
Fraxinus americana L.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.
Liriodendron tulipifera L.
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.
Populus grandidentata Michx.
Prunus serotina Ehrh.
Ulmus americana L.
Ulmus rubra Muhl.		Amelanchier spp.
Carpinus caroliniana Walt.
Corylus americana Marsh.
Hamamelis virginiana L.
Lindera benzoin L.
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees
Viburnum spp.		Carya glabra (Mill.)
Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) Lould.
Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt.
Table 2

Forest attributes in Richland Furnace State Forest and Zaleski State Forest in southern Ohio before and after prescribed burns. Dbh – diameter at breast height.

Time periodForestBasal area (m2 ha−1)Trees (ha−1)Dbh (cm)Stocking (%)
Before burnRich. Furn. SF15.610643.452
Zaleski SF15.912937.154
After burnRich. Furn. SF12.010137.241
Zaleski SF9.612028.134
Table 3

Analysis of variance statistics for large seedling (0.3–1.3 m total height) canopy volume (m3 ha−1) and large seedling stems per hectare within each species group before and after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests in southern Ohio.

AttributeVariableSource of variationRMSEF valuePr > F
Canopy volumeFall burnTime relative to burn182.011.990.1604
Spring burnTime relative to burn126.230.010.9936
Pre-burnBurn season106.390.920.3394
Post-burnBurn season196.220.590.4453
Fall burnPre-burn60.142.140.0711
Post-burn234.862.850.0217
Spring burnPre-burn141.720.560.7271
Post-burn103.813.030.0168
Stems per hectareFall burnTime relative to burn2646.092.050.1541
Spring burnTime relative to burn2488.140.220.6367
Pre-burnBurn season2325.260.280.5969
Post-burnBurn season2796.711.790.1837
Fall burnPre-burn2106.042.180.0669
Post-burn2222.3813.25<.0001
Spring burnPre-burn2457.371.060.3929
Post-burn2335.163.060.0159
Table 4

The mean1 (standard deviation) of the total crown volume (m3 ha−1) of large seedlings (0.3–1.3 m total height) for species group one year before and one year after prescribed fire by burn season (fall vs spring) in Zaleski and Richland Furnace State Forests in southern Ohio.

Fall burnSpring burn
SpeciesPre-burnPost-burnPre-burnPost-burn
Red oak24.1 (21.0)Aa20.7 (25.3)Aa51.4 (92.5)Aa16.9 (17.7)Aa
White oak23.3 (32.7)Aa38.3 (55.6)Aa47.1 (108.4)Aa43.1 (105.5)ABa
Hickory15.9 (19.3)Aa6.6 (9.0)Aa11.2 (9.1)Aa14.3 (14.2)Aa
Red maple40.2 (49.8)ABa96.4 (70.2)Ab50.9 (51.0)Aa128.0 (140)Ba
Yellow-poplar62.9 (119.4)ABa32.3 (64.9)Aa97.7 (306.1)Aa20.6 (80.9)Aa
Mixed Hardwoods79.9 (57.3)Ba308.9 (194.2)Ba92.3 (104.8)Aa126.6 (114.0)Ba

1 Means followed by the same capital letter are not significantly between species within burn season (fall/spring) and time relative to burn (pre-burn/post-burn). Means followed by the same small case letter are not significantly different between time relative to burn within species and burn season, Duncans MRT (p = 0.05).

Figure 1

The percent change in large seedling (0.3–1.3 m total height) canopy volume (m3 ha−1) after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests of southern Ohio.

Table 5

The mean1 (standard deviation) of the number (stems per hectare) of large seedlings (0.3–1.3 m total height) for species group one year before and one year after prescribed fire by burn season (fall vs spring) in Zaleski and Richland Furnace State Forests in southern Ohio.

Fall burnSpring burn
SpeciesPre-burnPost-burnPre-burnPost-burn
Red oak1334 (1039)ABa1379 (725)ABa1334 (1137)Aa1127 (894)ABa
White oak1503 (1451)ABa1688 (1721)ABa1733 (2629)Aa2021 (3185)ABCa
Hickory325 (267)Aa280 (354)Aa373 (252)Aa314 (219)Aa
Red maple1758 (1596)ABa3100 (2072)Ba1302 (1251)Aa2582 (1891)ABCa
Yellow-poplar2589 (3978)Ba926 (1216)ABa1725 (4476)Aa674 (1878)ABa
Mixed hardwoods2783 (1903)Ba6710 (3566)Cb2686 (2530)Aa3543 (3828)Ca

1 Means followed by the same capital letter are not significantly different between species within burn season (fall/spring) and time relative to burn (pre-burn/post-burn). Means followed by the same small case letter are not significantly different between time relative to burn within species and burn season, Duncans MRT (p = 0.05).

Figure 2

The percent change in the number of large seedling (0.3–1.3 m total height) stems per hectare after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests of southern Ohio.

Table 6

The Importance Value Index1 for large seedlings (0.3–1.3 m total height) by species groups and burn season one year before and after prescribed fire in Zaleski and Richland Furnace State Forests of southern Ohio. The Importance Value Index ranking is indicated in the parenthesis.

Fall burnSpring burn
Species groupPre-burnPost-burnPre-burnPost-burn
Red oak115.1 (5)113.9 (4)111.1 (4)115.8 (4)
White oak116.4 (4)119.6 (3)114.2 (3)122.9 (3)
Hickory101.9 (6)87.9 (6)89.1 (6)107.2 (5)
Red maple125.7 (3)141.2 (2)110.6 (5)161.8 (2)
Yellow-poplar143.0 (2)97.61 (5)119.4 (2)76.1 (6)
Mixed hardwoods151.8 (1)209.0 (1)146.6 (1)170.8 (1)

1 Seedling crown volume was used in the calculation instead of basal area to determine relative dominance.

Figure 3

The change in magnitude of the Importance Value Index for selected species groups of large seedlings (0.3–1.3 m total height) after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests located in southern Ohio. Seedling crown volume was used in the calculation instead of basal area to determine relative dominance.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2019-0009 | Journal eISSN: 1736-8723 | Journal ISSN: 1406-9954
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Language: English, Estonian
Page range: 1 - 16
Submitted on: Aug 22, 2019
Accepted on: Dec 6, 2019
Published on: Dec 31, 2019
Published by: Estonian University of Life Sciences
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
prescribed fire,
burn season,
seedling,
regeneration,
shelterwood harvest
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science

© 2019 Ying Xin, Roger A. Williams, published by Estonian University of Life Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 71 (2019): Issue 1 (December 2019)
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