| Themes 1: Perceptions of cultural competence |
| Cultural competence includes awareness, sensitivity, knowledge, and skills related to culture | “I consider that cultural competence is broad and can be related to how we are aware, sensitive, understand and we can show it to patients when providing nursing care” (P22) |
| Cultural competence is something that nurses need to have | “When I am in clinical practice and meet different patients, I feel that cultural competence is necessary for a nurse” (P9) |
| How to learn to respect different cultures | “The main thing about cultural competence is related to efforts to respect patients with different cultures” (P17) |
| Cultural competence is an important thing | “Cultural competence is always important” (P16) |
| Themes 2: Learning cultural competence in the classroom |
| Some lessons support the improvement of cultural competence | “While on campus, there were 3–4 courses which I felt were very supportive to increase our understanding of cultural competence” (P2) |
| Teaching on campus is going well | “At our university, learning related to cultural competence goes very well and supports the learning process” (P21) |
| There are various ethnic groups in the class | “Our class has many friends with various ethnicities, so it helps us to learn well about different cultures” (P27) |
| There are differences in perceptions among students regarding cultural competence learning | “In discussions during lectures and practice, we often have different views about cultural competence” (P1) |
| Theme 3: Experience in a practical |
| Meet different cultures | “Clinical practice allows us to meet patients from different cultures” (P18) |
| There is a conflicting culture in the practice field | “Some cultures conflict with the care we provide, so we must communicate well (P20).” |
| Provide care that is culturally appropriate for the patient | “Professionally, we try to provide care according to the patient’s culture” (P18) |
| Receiving violent threats | “The patient and his family almost beat me because they misunderstood” (P11) |
| Theme 4: Expectations of learning related to cultural competence |
| Need to increase understanding of the patient’s cultural background | “After meeting patients at the practice site, I feel the need to improve cultural competence so that I am better prepared for graduation” (P28) |
| Learn to negotiate with patients from different cultures | “Ultimately, we need to learn to negotiate with patients of different cultures to reduce conflict” (P23) |
| Addition of learning related to culture in the practice field | “In the practice area, there needs to be additional learning assistance about cultural competence; I feel it is very limited and only focuses on action” (P4) |
| Theme 5: Cultural learning barriers |
| The curriculum needs to provide sufficient opportunities to learn about the culture | “After I was in clinical practice, I felt there was still a lack of cultural lessons, and our educational curriculum was very limited to support it” (P18) |
| Very diverse culture | “Various cultures make us often confused about implementing culturally sensitive care for patients” (P7) |
| Low competency capacity of mentors | “Our biggest challenge in clinical practice rests on the low competence of our clinical mentors so that the teaching received is not optimal” (P12) |
| Language difficulties | “Patients who come from different cultures have different languages, and it is difficult for us to understand when communicating” (P6) |
