| 1. | Sarker et al. (2022)32 | Bangladesh | Cross-sectional study | Female students (400) | 35.3% (18–20)31.0% (21–23)33.8% (24–26) | BE knowledge, BSE practice and barrier | 86.0% unmarried, 18.3% had family history of BC |
| 2. | Assfa Mossa (2022)34 | Cameroon | Cross-sectional study | Young adult women (392) | 21.25 (1.32) | BSE knowledge, practice and perception | 92.23% single, 62.73% live in rural area, 54.42% of them attended primary to secondary school. |
| 3. | Prakash et al. (2022)44 | Nepal | Cross-sectional study | Female adolescents (120) | 16.7 (0.92) | BC and BSE knowledge | 66.7% science faculty, 33.3% commerce faculty |
| 4. | Hussain et al. (2022)26 | Pakistan | Cross-sectional study | Female university students (774) | 23.06 (4.35) | BC awareness | 87.4% were single, 74.9% at the undergraduate level, 76.7% had rural residency |
| 5. | Calbayram and Guven (2021)39 | Turkey | Quasi-experimental design | Adolescent girls (133) | 15.77 (0.61) | BC and BSE awareness ánd pratice, champion’s health belief model | 10.5% had high income, 82% middle income, 7.5% had low income; 58.6% age (10–12)of menarche, 41.4% in age 13 and older menarche |
| 6. | Igiraneza et al. (2021)47 | Rwanda | Cross-sectional study | Women (246) | 28.5% (16–19)30.9% (20–29)32.9% (30–39)7.7% (40–49) | Knowledge about BSE, CBE, breast ultrasound scan | 61.8% only primary education, 14.2% did not have basic education, 24% attended secondary or university education. |
| 7. | Labrague et al. (2021)46 | Philippine | Randomized controlled trial | Reproductive women (128) | CG: 29.51 (7.90)EG: 30.56 (8.99) | BSE knowledge | 29.69% of the control group were high school graduates. 32.81% of the experimental group were college undergraduates. |
| 8. | Rachna (2021)13 | India | Cross-sectional study | Female nursing students (60) | 65% (18–22)28% (23–30)7% (31–40) | BSE knowledge | 83% of nursing students had 10 + 2 qualification (education degree) and 17% of them had graduated. |
| 9. | Osei-Afriyie et al. (2021)36 | Ghana | Cross-sectional study | Female undergraduate students (385) | 22 (2.78) | BC awareness and risk perception | 83.1% were single; 74.0% were Christians and 18.9% were Muslims |
| 10. | Altunkurek and Mohamed (2022)48 | Somalia | Cross-sectional study | Women (413) | 22 (11.21) | champion health belief model, BC knowledge, and BSE practice | 72.2% had a university education level, and 58.1% had a medium economic status, 61.5% were single |
| 11. | Alam et al. (2021)25 | Pakistan | Cross-sectional study | Women (1007) | 33.47 (12.37) | BC awareness, knowledge, and attitude | 79.3% married, 19.3% undergraduate, 42.9% had socio economic status |
| 12. | Akter and Ullah (2021)31 | Bangladesh | Cross-sectional study | Female university students (567) | 21.61 (1.56) | BC awareness | 97.32% were single |
| 13. | Baburajan et al. (2021)21 | India | Cross-sectional study | Adult women (416) | 31.60 (13.7) | BC and BSE awareness | 92.3% Hindu, 85.1% housewives, 92.5% were unmarried |
| 14. | Dinegde et al. (2020)29 | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Female students (358) | 20.84 (2) | BSE knowledge and practice | 85.2% single, 67% Christian, 77.7% grew up in urban setting |
| 15. | Ifediora and Azuike (2018)18 | Nigeria | Cross-sectional study | Reproductive-age women (810) | 33.42 (7.81) | Likelihood of performing BSE | 55.9% Can’t read and write, 44.1% had educational background |
| 16. | Dadzi and Adam (2019)35 | Ghana | Cross-sectional study | Women (385) | 24.54 (7.19) | Awareness and practice of BSE | 59% single, 39.5% married, 1.5% divorced |
| 17. | Solikhah et al. (2019)38 | Indonesia | Cross-sectional study | Indonesian women (856) | 30 (11) | BC knowledge and attitude | 49.8% single, 46.6% married, 3.6% divorced |
| 18. | Sari et al. (2019)37 | Indonesia | Cross-sectional study | Female students (118) | 16.13 (15-17) | BC knowledge and perception | 11.9% had family history of cancer, 28% elementary graduated |
| 19. | Koc et al. (2018)40 | Turkey | Cross-sectional study | Female university students (161) | 20.53 (2.3) | BSE knowledge and practice | 2.5% had low income, 50.3% middle income, 47.2% high income |
| 20. | Elshami et al. (2018)45 | Palestine | Cross-sectional study | Women (3055) | 26.4 (12.8) | BC awareness and practice | 57.2% adults, 42.8% adolescents |
| 21. | Kardan-Souraki et al. (2018)23 | Iran | Cross-sectional study | Women (1165) | 37.15 (8.84) | BC screening | 44.5% had not earned their high school diploma. |
| 22. | Olufemi et al. (2017)12 | Nigeria | Cross-sectional study | Undergraduate female students (266) | 21.7 (5.9) | BC knowledge and awareness | 87.6% are single, 12.4% are married, 79.7% are Christians and Islam 20.3%. |
| 23. | Birhane et al. (2017)30 | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | 420 Female students | 21.1 (1.65) | BSE knowledge | 60% single, 84.5% had no family history of BC |
| 24. | Sama et al. (2017)33 | Cameroon | Cross-sectional study | Female undergraduate students (345) | 22.5 (3.2) | BC awareness, knowledge, and attitude | 90.7% Christians, 64.6% first year of undergraduate, 18% were married |
| 25. | Akhtari-Zavare et al. (2016)42 | Malaysia | Randomized controlled trial | Female undergraduate students (370) | 21.79 (1.24) | Knowledge, champion’s health belief model, BSE practice | 96.5% single, 3.5% married |
| 26. | Nwaneri et al. (2016)19 | Nigeria | Cross-sectional study | Women (349) | 30.1% (20–30)19.2% (31–40)>50.7% (>40) | BC awareness and knowledge | 52.4% married, 25.2% single; 37.0% had tertiary education, 4.3% had no formal education |
| 27. | Memon et al. (2015)27 | Pakistan | Cross-sectional study | Young women (300) | 21.5 | BSE knowledge and practice | 29.7% married, 70.3% single |
| 28. | Tazhibi and Feizi (2014)24 | Iran | Cross-sectional study | Young women (2250) | 36.8 (9.1) | BE knowledge and awareness | 51.9% had university educational attainment and 81.9% were married |
| 29. | Ameer et al. (2014)28 | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Medical female students (126) | 38.1% (18–19)36.5% (20–21)25.4% (>22) | BSE knowledge, practice and perception | 94.44% single, 56.34% Christian, 43.7% Muslim |
| 30. | Suleiman (2014)41 | Jordania | Cross-sectional study | Female students (840) | 43.3% (18–22)25.1% (23–27)20.2% (28–32)11.4% (33–37) | BC and BSE knowledge and awareness | 82.3% were single, 13.2% were married, 4.5% were divorced |
| 31. | Kratzke et al. (2013)43 | Mexico | Cross-sectional study | Young women (544) | 23.3 (7.75) | BC prevention mother’s advice, BSE practice, BE knowledge and attitude | 51% were non-Hispanic and 49% were Hispanic college women |
| 32. | Godshi et al. (2013)22 | Iran | Cross-sectional study | Women (755) | 29.9 (1.25) | BC knowledge | 42.8% were not employed, 45.9% had a satisfied income |
| 33. | Doshi et al. (2012)20 | India | Cross-sectional study | Female dental students (203) | 19.6 (1.38) | BC knowledge, attitudes, and practice | No information |
