Figure 1
Results of the second-order CFA on EBE and 5 sub-constructs_
| Sub-constructs | Construct: Ethical behavior | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | b | S.E. (b) | t | R2 | |
| 1. PFN | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.04 | 20.46** | 0.74 |
| 2. PAN | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.04 | 24.13** | 0.96 |
| 3. TPC | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.04 | 21.18** | 0.82 |
| 4. TCB | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.03 | 26.12** | 0.76 |
| 5. PHR | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.04 | 21.75** | 0.65 |
Effect sizes of 5 sub-constructs, AVE, and the CR of EBE_
| Construct | Sub-constructs | Effect sizes | AVE | CR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethical behavior | 1. PFN | 0.86 | ||
| 2. PAN | 0.96 | |||
| 3. TPC | 0.91 | 0.97 | 0.98 | |
| 4. TCB | 0.88 | |||
| 5. PHR | 0.81 |
Factor loadings of measurement items for each sub-construct, AVE, and the CR of 5 sub-constructs_
| Sub-constructs/measurement items | Factor loadings | AVE | CR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. PFN | 0.79 | 0.88 | |
| (1) To live in a society with justice | 0.67 | ||
| (2) Respect the law of the country | 0.72 | ||
| (3) Profession with good intentions | 0.81 | ||
| (4) Profession without discrimination | 0.76 | ||
| (5) Do not behave or do anything that may cause the reputation of the profession | 0.79 | ||
| (6) Profession without asking any compensation other than the normal service charge | 0.66 | ||
| 2. PAN | 0.89 | 0.94 | |
| (7) Provide nursing practice according to professional standards | 0.70 | ||
| (8) Provide nursing care with regard to patient/client safety | 0.69 | ||
| (9) Provide nursing care with regard to patient/client saving | 0.58 | ||
| (10) Provide nursing care using empirical evidence | 0.66 | ||
| (11) Do not give false opinions on any subject with regard to nursing practice and midwifery | 0.63 | ||
| (12) Allow clients to make their own decisions without compulsion when they were explained about the treatments | 0.76 | ||
| (13) Provide nursing practice with the consent of the clients | 0.76 | ||
| (14) Decide on providing nursing care for patients/clients based on the severity of symptoms under appropriate discretion | 0.79 | ||
| (15) Tell the truth to patients/clients and their relatives with regard to suitability | 0.79 | ||
| (16) Accept mistakes when providing a missed nursing practice | 0.83 | ||
| (17) Provide nursing care based on patient/client needs | 0.73 | ||
| (18) Care for the patients/clients | 0.77 | ||
| (19) Provide nursing practice with regard to patient/client privacy | 0.75 | ||
| 3. TPC | 0.81 | 0.89 | |
| (20) Do not motivate or persuade anyone to use the nursing service or midwifery for their own benefit | 0.66 | ||
| (21) Treat patients or clients politely without coercion | 0.70 | ||
| (22) Do not deceive patients or clients to mislead interests for their own benefit | 0.71 | ||
| (23) Do not disclose the confidentiality of the patients/clients to the unrelated person unless the patient's consent is granted or to follow the law or responsibility | 0.74 | ||
| (24) Do not reject to help those who are in danger from illness when requested and in a role to help | 0.76 | ||
| (25) Do not engage in public ways or places unless in an emergency case of first aid | 0.77 | ||
| (26) Do not practice/support the illegal PAN and midwifery, practice of medicine, or public health or arts | 0.77 | ||
| 4. TCB | 0.91 | 0.93 | |
| (27) Honor and respect for dignity among nurses | 0.80 | ||
| (28) Do not accuse or bully among nurses | 0.84 | ||
| (29) Do not persuade patients/clients of other nurses to be their own | 0.77 | ||
| (30) To honor and respect the dignity of colleagues in the health care team out of the nursing profession | 0.87 | ||
| (31) Do not accuse or bully among colleagues in the health care team out of the nursing profession | 0.89 | ||
| (32) Provide collaboration among professionals in the health care team for the benefit of patients/clients | 0.83 | ||
| 5. PHR | 0.87 | 0.91 | |
| (33) The consent of the research participants must be required when conducting a human subjects research | 0.73 | ||
| (34) Ready to protect the research participants from harm that might be caused by the research | 0.83 | ||
| (35) Treat the research participants as same as the patients/clients | 0.87 | ||
| (36) Responsible for harm or damage that caused by the research to the research participants | 0.83 | ||
| (37) Follow the ethical guidelines of human subjects research and experiment and code of conduct for researchers | 0.84 |
Convergent validity and discriminant validity_
| Sub-constructs | PFN | PAN | TPC | TCB | PHR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFN | (0.79) | ||||
| PAN | 0.67 | (0.89) | |||
| TPC | 0.61 | 0.76 | (0.81) | ||
| TCB | 0.56 | 0.71 | 0.64 | (0.91) | |
| PHR | 0.48 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.50 | (0.87) |
Parameter estimates of 5 sub-constructs and their measurement items_
| Sub-constructs/measurement items | Parameter estimates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | b | S.E. (b) | t | R2 | |
| 1. PFN | |||||
| (1) To live in a society with justice | 0.67 | 0.39 | < – -> | < – -> | 0.44 |
| (2) Respect the law of the country | 0.72 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 24.28** | 0.52 |
| (3) Profession with good intentions | 0.81 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 21.96** | 0.66 |
| (4) Profession without discrimination | 0.76 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 20.86** | 0.58 |
| (5) Do not behave or do anything that may cause the reputation of the profession | 0.79 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 21.97** | 0.62 |
| (6) Profession without asking any compensation other than the normal service charge | 0.66 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 18.40** | 0.43 |
| 2. PAN | |||||
| (7) Provide nursing practice according to professional standards | 0.70 | 0.35 | < – -> | < – -> | 0.49 |
| (8) Provide nursing care with regard to patient/client safety | 0.69 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 20.83** | 0.47 |
| (9) Provide nursing care with regard to patient/client saving | 0.58 | 0.36 | 0.02 | 17.65** | 0.34 |
| (10) Provide nursing care using empirical evidence | 0.66 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 19.96** | 0.43 |
| (11) Do not give false opinions on any subject with regard to nursing practice and midwifery | 0.63 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 19.21** | 0.40 |
| (12) Allow clients to make their own decisions without compulsion when they were explained about the treatments | 0.76 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 23.12** | 0.58 |
| (13) Provide nursing practice with the consent of the clients | 0.76 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 23.11** | 0.58 |
| (14) Decide on providing nursing care for patients/clients based on the severity of symptoms under appropriate discretion | 0.79 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 24.04** | 0.63 |
| (15) Tell the truth to patients/clients and their relatives with regard to suitability | 0.79 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 23.81** | 0.62 |
| (16) Accept mistakes when providing a missed nursing practice | 0.83 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 25.04** | 0.68 |
| (17) Provide nursing care based on patient/client needs | 0.73 | 0.43 | 0.02 | 22.30** | 0.54 |
| (18) Care for the patients/clients | 0.77 | 0.37 | 0.02 | 22.23** | 0.59 |
| (19) Provide nursing practice with regard to patient/client privacy | 0.75 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 22.78** | 0.56 |
| 3. TPC | |||||
| (20) Do not motivate or persuade anyone to use the nursing service or midwifery for their own benefit | 0.66 | 0.40 | < – -> | < – -> | 0.43 |
| (21) Treat patients or clients politely without coercion | 0.70 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 19.49** | 0.49 |
| (22) Do not deceive patients or clients to mislead interests for their own benefit | 0.71 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 26.03** | 0.50 |
| (23) Do not disclose the confidentiality of the patients/clients to the unrelated person unless the patient's consent is granted or to follow the law or responsibility | 0.74 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 20.42** | 0.55 |
| (24) Do not reject to help those who are in danger from illness when requested and in a role to help | 0.76 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 20.90** | 0.58 |
| (25) Do not engage in public ways or places unless in an emergency case of first aid | 0.77 | 0.45 | 0.02 | 21.31** | 0.60 |
| (26) Do not practice/support the illegal PAN and midwifery, practice of medicine, or public health or arts | 0.77 | 0.36 | 0.02 | 21.05** | 0.59 |
| 4. TCB | |||||
| (27) Honor and respect for dignity among nurses | 0.80 | 0.40 | < – -> | < – -> | 0.65 |
| (28) Do not accuse or bully among nurses | 0.84 | 0.44 | 0.01 | 33.46** | 0.70 |
| (29) Do not persuade patients/clients of other nurses to be their own | 0.77 | 0.44 | 0.02 | 27.50** | 0.60 |
| (30) To honor and respect the dignity of colleagues in the health care team out of the nursing profession | 0.87 | 0.45 | 0.01 | 33.00** | 0.76 |
| (31) Do not accuse or bully among colleagues in the health care team out of the nursing profession | 0.89 | 0.47 | 0.02 | 29.26** | 0.79 |
| (32) Provide collaboration among professionals in the health care team for the benefit of patients/clients | 0.83 | 0.41 | 0.01 | 29.80** | 0.68 |
| 5. PHR | |||||
| (33) The consent of the research participants must be required when conducting a human subjects research | 0.73 | 0.35 | < – -> | < – -> | 0.54 |
| (34) Ready to protect the research participants from harm that might be caused by the research | 0.83 | 0.47 | 0.02 | 25.75** | 0.69 |
| (35) Treat the research participants as same as the patients/clients | 0.87 | 0.47 | 0.02 | 27.24** | 0.76 |
| (36) Responsible for harm or damage that caused by the research to the research participants | 0.83 | 0.52 | 0.02 | 25.86** | 0.68 |
| (37) Follow the ethical guidelines of human subjects research and experiment and code of conduct for researchers | 0.84 | 0.49 | 0.02 | 26.21** | 0.70 |