The characteristics of respondents (N = 116)_
| Characteristics | N, (M ± SE) | % |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 42 | 36.2 |
| Female | 74 | 63.8 |
| Age (years) | ||
| 35–54 | 36 | 31.0 |
| 55–74 | 71 | 61.2 |
| >74 | 9 | 7.8 |
| Level of education | ||
| Low | 59 | 50.9 |
| Intermediate | 52 | 44.8 |
| High | 5 | 4.3 |
| Employment status | ||
| Yes | 44 | 37.9 |
| No | 72 | 62.1 |
| Smoking history | ||
| Yes | 17 | 14.7 |
| No | 99 | 85.3 |
| The presence of existing comorbidity | ||
| Yes | 33 | 28.4 |
| No | 83 | 71.6 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg (M ± SE) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure | 159.65 ± 2.37 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 90.53 ± 1.28 | |
Scores of health-promoting behaviors among adult hypertensive patients with and without comorbidities (N = 116)_
| Subscale | M | SD | HT+ (N = 33) | HT− (N = 83) | t-test | Sig. | 95% Confidence interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interpersonal relationship | 3.19 | 0.48 | 3.17 | 3.21 | 0.376 | 0.707 | −0.161 to 0.236 |
| Spiritual growth | 3.07 | 0.49 | 3.04 | 3.09 | 0.459 | 0.647 | −0.154 to 0.247 |
| Stress management | 2.99 | 0.47 | 3.08 | 2.96 | −1.15 | 0.251 | −0.308 to 0.081 |
| Health responsibility | 2.68 | 0.66 | 2.96 | 2.58 | −3.46 | 0.001** | −0.600 to −0.162 |
| Nutrition | 2.45 | 0.43 | 2.63 | 2.39 | −2.82 | 0.006** | −0.413 to −0.072 |
| Physical activity | 2.34 | 0.69 | 2.48 | 2.29 | −1.32 | 0.188 | −0.469 to 0.093 |
| Total | 2.79 | 0.34 | 2.90 | 2.76 | −2.00 | 0.047* | −0.277 to −0.001 |
Logistic regression outcomes for existing comorbidities among hypertensive patients (N = 116)_
| Variable(s) | B | SE | Wald | df | Sig. | Exp (B) | 95% CI for Exp (B) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||||||
| Health responsibility | 0.370 | 0.549 | 0.454 | 1 | 0.501 | 1.448 | 0.493 | 4.247 |
| Physical activity | 0.198 | 0.445 | 0.197 | 1 | 0.657 | 1.219 | 0.509 | 2.917 |
| Nutrition | 1.153 | 0.812 | 2.016 | 1 | 0.156 | 3.166 | 0.645 | 15.543 |
| Spiritual growth | −1.108 | 0.835 | 1.761 | 1 | 0.185 | 0.330 | 0.064 | 1.697 |
| Interpersonal relationship | −0.036 | 0.838 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.966 | 0.965 | 0.187 | 4.987 |
| Stress management | 0.581 | 0.730 | 0.633 | 1 | 0.426 | 1.787 | 0.428 | 7.471 |
| Gender | 1.462 | 0.659 | 4.918 | 1 | 0.027* | 4.314 | 1.185 | 15.706 |
| Age | −0.007 | 0.034 | 0.047 | 1 | 0.828 | 0.993 | 0.929 | 1.060 |
| Employment | 0.457 | 0.652 | 0.492 | 1 | 0.483 | 1.580 | 0.440 | 5.669 |
| Smoking | −2.376 | 1.274 | 3.474 | 1 | 0.062 | 0.093 | 0.008 | 1.130 |
| Systolic blood pressure | −0.032 | 0.019 | 7.700 | 1 | 0.100 | 0.969 | 0.933 | 1.006 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | −0.008 | 0.029 | 0.083 | 1 | 0.773 | 0.992 | 0.936 | 1.050 |
| Cholesterol | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.585 | 1 | 0.444 | 1.004 | 0.994 | 1.014 |
| Body mass index | −0.033 | 0.072 | 0.208 | 1 | 0.648 | 0.968 | 0.840 | 1.115 |
| Constant | 1.888 | 4.614 | 0.167 | 1 | 0.682 | 6.604 | ||
The association between health-promoting behaviors and existing comorbidity among patients with hypertension (N = 116)_
| Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Existing comorbidity | 1 | |||||||
| 2. Health responsibility | 0.260** | 1 | ||||||
| 3. Physical activity | 0.123 | 0.395** | 1 | |||||
| 4. Nutrition | 0.255** | 0.430** | 0.401** | 1 | ||||
| 5. Spiritual growth | −0.043 | 0.080 | 0.215* | 0.049 | 1 | |||
| 6. Interpersonal relationship | −0.035 | 0.203* | 0.261** | 0.130 | 0.633** | 1 | ||
| 7. Stress management | 0.107 | 0.271** | 0.233* | 0.151 | 0.355** | 0.363** | 1 | |
| 8. Health-promoting behaviors | 0.185* | 0.680** | 0.698** | 0.563** | 0.584** | 0.658** | 0.588** | 1 |