Figure 1
Literature screening process.
Table 1
Basic characteristics of included RCTs.
| Inclusive RCTs | Population | Sample size | Ages (years) | Intervention measures | Intervention duration (years) | Dose (mg) | Percentage of lost visits (%) | Outcome indicators | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | Intervention group | I | C | |||||||
| Cheng 200512 | Healthy children | 41 | 39 | 10–12 | Calcium | Placebo | 2 | 1000 | 18.7 | Whole-body BMD |
| Anuradha 201214 | Healthy children | 70 | 69 | 8–12 | Calcium | Multivitamin tablets | 1 | 500 | 1.8 | Whole-body BMD |
| Lambert 200810 | Healthy children | 37 | 36 | 11–12 | Calcium fortified fruit drinks | Regular fruit drinks | 1 | 792 | 7.2 | Whole-body and 2nd–4th lumbar vertebrae BMD |
| Bonjour 200113 | Healthy children | 62 | 54 | 7–9.3 | Calcium | Placebo | 3–5 | 850 | 24.1 | 2nd–4th lumbar vertebrae BMD |
[i] Note: I, intervention group; C, control group; BMD, bone mineral density.
Figure 2
Risk bias evaluation diagram.
Figure 3
Meta-analysis of the effects of calcium supplements and placebo on the whole-body bone mineral density in healthy children.
Figure 4
Meta-analysis of the effects of calcium supplements and placebo on the 2nd–4th lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density in healthy children.
Figure 5
Meta-analysis of the effects of calcium supplement and placebo on the whole-body BMD in healthy children after exclusion of articles one by one.
Figure 6
Meta-analysis of the effects of calcium supplements and placebo by fixed-effects model on the whole-body BMD in healthy children.
Figure 7
Meta-analysis of the effects of calcium supplement and placebo on the 2nd–4th lumbar vertebrae BMD in healthy children after exclusion of articles one by one.
Figure 8
Meta-analysis of the effects of calcium supplements and placebo by random-effects model on the 2nd–4th lumbar vertebrae BMD in healthy children.