Effects of mother–child interaction on school adaptation of children according to maternal depression

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Open Access

|Apr 2021

Figures & Tables

Variables	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	X9	X10	X11
X1: Mother–child interaction 6th	0.79
X2: Mother–child interaction 7th	0.59^*	0.78
X3: Mother–child interaction 8th	0.53^*	0.56^*	0.80
X4: Planning–organizing difficulties	−0.43^*	−0.35^*	−0.21^*	0.91
X5: Behavior control difficulty	−0.36^*	−26^*	−0.28^*	0.74^*	0.95
X6: Emotional control difficulty	−0.20^*	−22^*	−0.22^*	0.49^*	0.71^*	0.94
X7: Attention–concentration difficulty	−0.30^*	−17^*	−0.31^*	0.71^*	0.74^*	0.51^*	0.84
X8: School life adjustment	0.41^*	0.23^*	0.30^*	−0.65^*	−0.74^*	−0.54^*	−0.62^*	0.82
X9: Academic performance adjustment	0.38^*	0.28^*	0.32^*	−0.66^*	−0.47^*	−0.30^*	−0.45^*	0.57^*	0.84
X10: Peer adjustment	0.38^*	0.25^*	0.37^*	−0.58^*	−0.57^*	−0.53^*	−0.46^*	0.63^*	0.73^*	0.83
X11: Teacher adjustment	0.37^*	0.29^*	0.38^*	−0.21^*	−0.14^*	−0.28^*	−0.36^*	0.20^*	0.44^*	0.40^*	0.79

Variables	M	SD	Skewness	SE	Kurtosis	SE
Mother–child interaction 6th	2.29	0.50	0.37	0.06	0.25	0.12
Mother–child interaction 7th	2.25	0.50	0.56	0.06	0.76	0.12
Mother–child interaction 8th	2.18	0.49	0.56	0.06	0.55	0.12
Executive function	1.30	0.40	0.86	0.07	3.17	0.15
Subfactor1: Planning–organizing difficulties	1.47	0.52	1.20	0.07	0.51	0.15
Subfactor 2: Behavior control difficulty	1.28	0.44	2.01	0.07	3.60	0.15
Subfactor 3: Emotional control difficulty	1.22	0.44	2.50	0.07	5.82	0.15
Subfactor 4: Attention–concentration difficulty	1.25	0.44	2.18	0.07	4.33	0.15
School adjustment	3.96	0.66	−0.63	0.07	0.23	0.15
Subfactor 1: School life adjustment	4.07	0.94	−1.06	0.07	0.27	0.15
Subfactor 2: Academic performance adjustment	3.82	0.85	−0.61	0.07	−0.04	0.15
Subfactor 3: Peer adjustment	3.97	0.75	−0.65	0.07	0.10	0.15
Subfactor 4: Teacher adjustment	3.94	0.85	−1.14	0.07	1.66	0.15

Level of depression	Variables	Mean	Variance
Normal	Mother–child interaction Intercept	2.30	0.16
	Mother–child interaction Slope	−0.11	0.03
	Mother–child interaction intercept–slope correlation	−0.30^*

Mild/Moderate/Severe	Mother–child interaction Intercept	2.14	0.23
	Mother–child interaction Slope	−0.09	0.18
	Mother–child interaction Intercept–slope correlation	−0.64^*

Level of depression	Exogenous variables		Endogenous variables	β	CR	p	Direct effects (p)	Indirect effects (p)	Total effects (p)
Normal	Mother–child interaction intercept	→	Executive function	−12	2.47	0.038	−12 (0.038)
	Mother–child interaction Slope	→	Executive function	−20	2.62	0.040	−20 (0.040)
	Mother–child interaction intercept	→	School adjustment	0.25	3.67	<0.001	0.25 (<0.001)	0.11 (<0.001)	0.36 (<0.001)
	Mother–child interaction slope	→	School adjustment	0.27	1.01	0.314	0.27 (0.314)	0.14 (<0.001)	0.41 (0.047)
	Executive function	→	School adjustment	−0.67	−24.15	<0.001	−0.67 (<0.001)

Mild/Moderate/Severe	Mother–child interaction intercept	→	Executive function	−0.35	−2.75	0.032	−0.35 (.032)		−0.35 (0.032)
	Mother–child interaction slope	→	Executive function	−0.27	0.95	0.338	−0.27 (0.338)		−0.27 (0.338)
	Mother–child interaction intercept	→	School adjustment	0.15	1.08	0.276	0.15 (0.276)	0.26 (<0.001)	0.41 (0.032)
	Mother–child interaction slope	→	School adjustment	0.17	0.94	0.344	0.17 (0.344)	0.17 (0.320)	0.34 (0.355)
	Executive function	→	School adjustment	−0.25	−7.87	<0.001	−0.55 (<0.001)		−0.55 (<0.001)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2021-0004 | Journal eISSN: 2544-8994 | Journal ISSN: 2097-5368

Language: English

Page range: 33 - 42

Submitted on: Apr 30, 2020

Accepted on: Jun 11, 2020

Published on: Apr 30, 2021

Published by: Shanxi Medical Periodical Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 times per year

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© 2021 Hanna Lee, Jeong-Won Han, published by Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.