Toward Financial Sustainability: Understanding The Determinants of Retirement Saving Behavior among Sport Lecturers in Vietnam

Thuan Minh Hoang NGUYEN; Hoai-Thu Thi DO; Dung Hai DINH

doi:10.2478/fman-2025-0029

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Toward Financial Sustainability: Understanding The Determinants of Retirement Saving Behavior among Sport Lecturers in Vietnam

Foundations of Management

Volume 17 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)

By: Thuan Minh Hoang NGUYEN , Hoai-Thu Thi DO and Dung Hai DINH

Open Access

|Apr 2026

Figures & Tables

Screenshot of web app for training
(*Source:* Authors’ own research)

Proposed research model based on the TBP
(*Source:* Authors’ own research)

Table 1.

Factor loadings

(Source: Authors’ own research)

	AT	SN	FK	PBC	PR	BI	BEH
BI1	-	-	-	-	-	0.843	-
BI2	-	-	-	-	-	0.792	-
BI3	-	-	-	-	-	0.847	-
BI4	-	-	-	-	-	0.820	-
SN1	-	0.832	-	-	-	-	-
SN2	-	0.795	-	-	-	-	-
SN3	-	0.843	-	-	-	-	-
SN4	-	0.836	-	-	-	-	-
AT1	0.838	-	-	-	-	-	-
AT2	0.851	-	-	-	-	-	-
AT3	0.878	-	-	-	-	-	-
FK1	-	-	0.820	-	-	-	-
FK2	-	-	0.859	-	-	-	-
FK3	-	-	0.874	-	-	-	-
PBC1	-	-	-	0.845	-	-	-
PBC2	-	-	-	0.819	-	-	-
PBC3	-	-	-	0.872	-	-	-
PR1	-	-	-	-	0.824	-	-
PR2	-	-	-	-	0.797	-	-
PR3	-	-	-	-	0.868	-	-
PR4	-	-	-	-	0.834	-	-
PR5	-	-	-	-	0.810	-	-
BEH1	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.878
BEH2	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.849
BEH3	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.847

Table 2.

Fornell-Larcker criterion

(Source: Authors’ own research)

-	AT	SN	FK	PBC	PR	BI	BEH
AT	0.856	-	-	-	-	-	-
SN	0.346	0.827	-	-	-	-	-
FK	0.371	0.351	0.851	-	-	-	-
PBC	0.274	0.229	0.462	0.846	-	-	-
PR	0.426	0.393	0.301	0.264	0.827	-	-
BI	0.426	0.531	0.542	0.470	0.335	0.826	-
BEH	0.305	0.330	0.269	0.254	0.489	0.421	0.858

Table 3.

Cross-loadings

(Source: Authors’ own research)

-	AT	SN	FK	PBC	PR	BI	BEH
BI1	0.376	0.484	0.415	0.351	0.252	0.843	0.360
BI2	0.341	0.371	0.393	0.381	0.331	0.792	0.336
BI3	0.332	0.464	0.450	0.444	0.311	0.847	0.381
BI4	0.360	0.429	0.528	0.375	0.217	0.820	0.311
SN1	0.225	0.832	0.273	0.174	0.346	0.373	0.272
SN2	0.257	0.795	0.221	0.156	0.372	0.404	0.268
SN3	0.298	0.843	0.348	0.185	0.275	0.476	0.286
SN4	0.347	0.836	0.306	0.235	0.319	0.484	0.265
AT1	0.838	0.296	0.343	0.250	0.408	0.362	0.258
AT2	0.851	0.246	0.272	0.215	0.345	0.318	0.257
AT3	0.878	0.336	0.330	0.234	0.339	0.406	0.268
FK1	0.265	0.273	0.820	0.403	0.241	0.409	0.170
FK2	0.294	0.272	0.859	0.344	0.265	0.433	0.190
FK3	0.377	0.342	0.874	0.426	0.264	0.528	0.310
PBC1	0.232	0.146	0.343	0.845	0.248	0.366	0.214
PBC2	0.287	0.243	0.396	0.819	0.183	0.383	0.201
PBC3	0.181	0.190	0.425	0.872	0.238	0.437	0.228
PR1	0.325	0.289	0.301	0.290	0.824	0.282	0.389
PR2	0.302	0.295	0.188	0.192	0.797	0.243	0.383
PR3	0.410	0.402	0.272	0.271	0.868	0.373	0.438
PR4	0.343	0.346	0.195	0.202	0.834	0.236	0.372
PR5	0.368	0.281	0.278	0.125	0.810	0.231	0.432
BEH1	0.306	0.339	0.259	0.218	0.445	0.437	0.878
BEH2	0.214	0.227	0.232	0.233	0.405	0.356	0.849
BEH3	0.260	0.274	0.195	0.202	0.404	0.274	0.847

Table 4.

HTMT ratio

(Source: Authors’ own research)

	AT	SN	FK	PBC	PR	BI	BEH
AT	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
SN	0.405	-	-	-	-	-	-
FK	0.446	0.414	-	-	-	-	-
PBC	0.339	0.274	0.566	-	-	-	-
PR	0.496	0.455	0.352	0.311	-	-	-
BI	0.509	0.619	0.647	0.568	0.384	-	-
BEH	0.369	0.391	0.318	0.312	0.569	0.496	-

Table 5.

Construct reliability and convergent validity

(Source: Authors’ own research)

-	α	Rho_C	AVE	Rho_A
AT	0.818	0.891	0.732	0.826
SN	0.846	0.896	0.683	0.854
FK	0.811	0.887	0.725	0.823
PBC	0.801	0.883	0.715	0.807
PR	0.885	0.915	0.684	0.891
BI	0.844	0.896	0.682	0.847
BEH	0.822	0.893	0.737	0.832

Table 6.

Path coefficients

(Source: Authors’ own research)

-	BI	BEH	PBC	AT
R²	0.492	0.314	0.213	0.138
Adj R²	0.481	0.305	0.210	0.134
AT	0.150	.	.	.
SN	0.334	.	.	.
FK	0.262	.	0.462	0.371
PBC	0.231	0.019	.	.
PR	0.000	0.389	.	.
BI	.	0.282	.	.

Table 7.

Hypotheses results

(Source: Authors’ own research)

Hypothesis	Path	Path coefficient	t-value	p-value	Result
H1	AT -> BI	0.150	2.842	0.005	Supported
H2	SN -> BI	0.334	6.719	0.000	Supported
H8	FK -> AT	0.371	6.579	0.000	Supported
H9	FK -> PBC	0.462	10.153	0.000	Supported
H4	FK -> BI	0.262	5.411	0.000	Supported
H3	PBC -> BI	0.231	4.300	0.000	Supported
H6	PBC -> BEH	0.019	0.283	0.777	Not supported
H7	PR -> BI	0.000	0.007	0.994	Not supported
H10	PR -> BEH	0.389	6.457	0.000	Supported
H5	BI -> BEH	0.282	4.850	0.000	Supported

	Original Est.	Bootstrap mean	Bootstrap SD	T Stat.	5% CI	95% CI
AT -> SN	0.405	0.402	0.066	6.131	0.291	0.513
AT -> FK	0.446	0.444	0.070	6.397	0.334	0.554
AT -> PBC	0.339	0.340	0.078	4.353	0.212	0.473
AT -> PR	0.496	0.491	0.066	7.496	0.382	0.596
AT -> BI	0.509	0.509	0.058	8.796	0.411	0.602
AT -> BEH	0.369	0.371	0.066	5.626	0.258	0.481
SN -> FK	0.414	0.414	0.067	6.169	0.301	0.523
SN -> PBC	0.274	0.281	0.077	3.546	0.160	0.405
SN -> PR	0.455	0.454	0.058	7.899	0.359	0.548
SN -> BI	0.619	0.615	0.054	11.491	0.525	0.702
SN -> BEH	0.391	0.393	0.070	5.577	0.274	0.501
FK -> PBC	0.566	0.568	0.056	10.052	0.478	0.658
FK -> PR	0.352	0.348	0.073	4.839	0.230	0.466
FK -> BI	0.647	0.647	0.053	12.228	0.555	0.727
FK -> BEH	0.318	0.321	0.079	4.020	0.187	0.452
PBC -> PR	0.311	0.314	0.068	4.581	0.203	0.427
PBC -> BI	0.568	0.568	0.062	9.213	0.461	0.661
PBC -> BEH	0.312	0.316	0.067	4.633	0.201	0.422
PR -> BI	0.384	0.380	0.065	5.909	0.271	0.487
PR -> BEH	0.569	0.568	0.062	9.143	0.461	0.662
BI -> BEH	0.496	0.497	0.055	9.071	0.406	0.587

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fman-2025-0029 | Journal eISSN: 2300-5661 | Journal ISSN: 2080-7279

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Language: English

Page range: 441 - 458

Published on: Apr 3, 2026

Published by: Warsaw University of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Retirement Planning,

Financial Knowledge,

Risk Perception,

Theory of Planned Behavior,

Sport Lecturers

JEL:

A20,

D14,

G11,

I20,

J26

Related subjects:

Computer sciences,

Business computing,

Business and economics,

Business management,

Management accounting, financial controlling, cost calculation, investment

© 2026 Thuan Minh Hoang NGUYEN, Hoai-Thu Thi DO, Dung Hai DINH, published by Warsaw University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 17 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)

Toward Financial Sustainability: Understanding The Determinants of Retirement Saving Behavior among Sport Lecturers in Vietnam

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Table 7.

Figure 3.

Paradigm

My account