Measure the Efficiency of Commercial Bankers – A New Approach

Quoc Hung NGUYEN; Xuan Dao NGUYEN THI

doi:10.2478/fman-2025-0025

Figures & Tables

Technical and allocative efficiency (Source: Afriat, 1972; Banker and Maindiratta, 1988)

Technical efficiency (Source: Authors’ own research)

Average of A-efficiency of banks by year (Source: Authors’ own research)

Average of B-efficiency of banks by year (Source: Authors’ own research)

Average of C-efficiency of banks by year (Source: Authors’ own research)

Efficiency of 23 banks in 2009 was estimated by the model of Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978)

Bank Name	crste	Vrste	scale
(BIDV). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam	1	1	1
(MBB). Military Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(MSB). Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(VIB). International Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(OCB). Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(NAB). South Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(KLB). Kien Long Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(NVB). National Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(SGB). Commercial Joint Stock Bank Saigon Cong Thuong	0.97	1	0.97
(SEAB). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Southeast Asia	0.94	1	0.94
(VBP). Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.92	0.99	0.93
(VPB) Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam	0.9	1	0.9
(TPB). Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.87	1	0.87
(TCB). Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.85	0.93	0.91
(PGP). Petrolimex Petroleum Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.84	1	0.84
(SCB). Saigon Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.82	0.88	0.93
(ACB). Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.81	1	0.81
(CTG). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade of Vietnam	0.79	0.99	0.8
(EIB). Vietnam Export-Import Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.79	0.82	0.96
(STB). Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.66	0.99	0.66
(HDB). Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.6	0.67	0.89
(ABB). An Binh Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.59	0.86	0.69
(SHB). Saigon – Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.5	0.66	0.77
Mean	0.86	0.95	0.91

Efficiency of 23 banks in 2019 estimated by the model of Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978)

Bank Name	crste	vrste	scale
(CTG). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade of Vietnam	1	1	1
(BIDV). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam	1	1	1
(VBP). Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(SHB). Saigon – Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(HDB). Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(VIB). International Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(NAB). South Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(KLB). Kien Long Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(SGB). Commercial Joint Stock Bank Saigon Cong Thuong	1	1	1
(PGP). Petrolimex Petroleum Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(SEAB). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Southeast Asia	0.94	0.94	0.999
(TPB). Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.93	0.94	0.996
(OCB). Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.92	0.92	0.998
(SCB). Saigon Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.89	0.91	0.97
(TCB). Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.85	0.85	0.996
(MSB). Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.84	0.88	0.954
(ACB). Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.8	0.81	0.989
(EIB). Vietnam Export-Import Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.78	0.79	0.993
(MBB). Military Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.77	0.8	0.961
(VPB) Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam	0.75	0.99	0.755
(ABB). An Binh Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.74	0.84	0.883
(STB). Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.66	0.7	0.945
(NVB). National Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.63	0.98	0.637
Mean	0.89	0.93	0.96

Rank commercial banks according to A-efficiency (Source: Authors’ own research)

Ranking A	Bank name	A	B	C
1	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam	0.998277	0.999337	0.988649
2	Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam	0.998029	0.999415	0.943496
3	Saigon Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.996244	0.992549	0.983324
4	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam	0.995866	0.991917	0.958274
5	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade of Vietnam	0.995015	0.983591	0.962093
6	Military Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.993642	0.968635	0.915633
7	Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.985293	0.915244	0.849693
8	Lien Viet Post Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.983911	0.914495	0.803736
9	Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.982932	0.892264	0.843981
10	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Southeast Asia	0.982697	0.9284	0.757848
11	Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.982044	0.786939	0.662337
12	Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.978398	0.916557	0.854431
13	Vietnam Export-Import Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.962785	0.933981	0.895878
14	Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.956497	0.858366	0.802339
15	Viet A Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.954873	0.941508	0.895254
16	Vietnam International Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.939183	0.808432	0.774638
17	Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.937394	0.785937	0.758806
18	Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.930951	0.867593	0.850888
19	Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.929272	0.803569	0.677132
20	Saigon - Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.918851	0.864685	0.857835
21	Saigon Industrial and Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.892647	0.858865	0.857727
22	Petrolimex Petroleum Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.866986	0.843114	0.797765
23	An Binh Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.866659	0.640838	0.627537
24	National Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.860827	0.674545	0.631195
25	Viet Capital Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.853675	0.779614	0.733485
26	South Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.797864	0.712068	0.664535
	MEDIUM	0.943877	0.871633	0.821097

Rank commercial banks according to B-efficiency (Source: Authors’ own research)

Ranking C	-	A	B	C
1	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam	0.998277	0.999337	0.988649
2	Saigon Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.996244	0.992549	0.983324
3	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade of Vietnam	0.995015	0.983591	0.962093
4	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam	0.995866	0.991917	0.958274
5	Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam	0.998029	0.999415	0.943496
6	Military Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.993642	0.968635	0.915633
7	Vietnam Export-Import Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.962785	0.933981	0.895878
8	Viet A Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.954873	0.941508	0.895254
9	Saigon - Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.918851	0.864685	0.857835
10	Saigon Industrial and Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.892647	0.858865	0.857727
11	Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.978398	0.916557	0.854431
12	Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.930951	0.867593	0.850888
13	Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.985293	0.915244	0.849693
14	Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.982932	0.892264	0.843981
15	Lien Viet Post Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.983911	0.914495	0.803736
16	Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.956497	0.858366	0.802339
17	Petrolimex Petroleum Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.866986	0.843114	0.797765
18	Vietnam International Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.939183	0.808432	0.774638
19	Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.937394	0.785937	0.758806
20	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Southeast Asia	0.982697	0.9284	0.757848
21	Viet Capital Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.853675	0.779614	0.733485
22	Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.929272	0.803569	0.677132
23	South Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.797864	0.712068	0.664535
24	Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.982044	0.786939	0.662337
25	National Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.860827	0.674545	0.631195
26	An Binh Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.866659	0.640838	0.627537

Efficiency of 23 banks in 2008 was estimated by the model of Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978)

Bank Name	crste	Vrste	scale
(VPB) Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam	1	1	1
(BIDV). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam	1	1	1
(HDB). Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(TPB). Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(SEAB). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Southeast Asia	1	1	1
(OCB). Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(NAB). South Asia Commercial Joint Stock B	1	1	1
KLB). Kien Long Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(NVB). National Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(PGP). Petrolimex Petroleum Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(VIB). International Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.97	0.97	1
(CTG). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade of Vietnam	0.95	1	0.95
(SCB). Saigon Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.84	1	0.84
(SGB). Commercial Joint Stock Bank Saigon Cong Thuong	0.84	1	0.84
(ABB). An Binh Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.82	0.93	0.88
(MSB). Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.8	0.8	1
(VBP). Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.69	1	0.69
(ACB). Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.65	1	0.65
(STB). Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.58	0.96	0.6
(EIB). Vietnam Export-Import Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.58	0.71	0.82
(TCB). Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.54	0.84	0.64
(MBB). Military Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.51	0.62	0.82
(SHB). Saigon – Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.5	0.62	0.82
Mean	0.84	0.93	0.89

Results of running efficiency A, B, C for 26 banks from 2008 to 2019 (Source: Authors’ own research)

-	-	2008			2009			2010
Index	Bank name	A	B	C	A	B	C	A	B	C
1	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade of Vietnam	0.98	0.96	0.79	0.99	0.99	0.93	0.99	0.97	0.92
2	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam	1.00	1.00	0.97	0.97	0.90	0.84	1.00	1.00	0.86
3	Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.96	0.96	0.84	0.96	0.99	0.63
4	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.99	0.99	0.88	1.00	1.00	1.00
5	Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.99	0.99	0.92	1.00	1.00	1.00
6	Military Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1.00	1.00	0.99	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.99	0.74
7	Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.87	0.85	0.64	0.78	0.60	0.60	0.99	0.99	0.78
8	Saigon Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
9	Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.92	0.77	0.67	0.94	0.83	0.82	0.95	0.86	0.86
10	Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.98	0.75	0.63	0.97	0.82	0.76	0.95	0.76	0.76
11	Vietnam Export-Import Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.83	0.69	0.69	0.96	0.96	0.88	1.00	1.00	1.00
12	Saigon - Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.56	0.56	0.56	0.73	0.72	0.70	0.85	0.71	0.71
13	Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.95	0.95	0.70	1.00	1.00	0.99	0.94	0.97	0.77
14	Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.90	0.72	0.56
15	Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.71	0.00	0.00	0.83	0.46	0.34	0.99	0.96	0.42
16	Vietnam International Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.83	0.61	0.61	0.88	0.59	0.59	0.91	0.72	0.72
17	Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Southeast Asia	0.99	0.99	0.70	0.99	0.99	0.91	0.99	0.80	0.79
18	Lien Viet Post Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.99	0.99	0.49
19	Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
20	An Binh Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.57	0.50	0.44	0.72	0.71	0.67	0.82	0.76	0.71
21	Viet A Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.77	0.77	0.72	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
22	South Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.51	0.51	0.51	0.80	0.72	0.61	0.78	0.71	0.49
23	Saigon Industrial and Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
24	National Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.52	0.52	0.46	0.77	0.77	0.77	0.70	0.70	0.70
25	Petrolimex Petroleum Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.68	0.68	0.49	0.88	0.88	0.79	0.96	0.96	0.88
26	Viet Capital Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.78	0.76	0.60
-	Mean	0.87	0.81	0.75	0.92	0.87	0.83	0.94	0.90	0.78

Efficiency of 23 banks in 2020 was estimated by the model of Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978)

Bank Name	crste	vrste	scale
(BIDV). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam	1	1	1
(MBB). Military Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(VBP). Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(SHB). Saigon – Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(MSB). Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank	1	1	1
(VIB). International Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(SGB). Commercial Joint Stock Bank Saigon Cong Thuong	1	1	1
(PGP). Petrolimex Petroleum Joint Stock Commercial Bank	1	1	1
(CTG). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade of Vietnam	0.99	1	0.987
(KLB). Kien Long Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.91	1	0.911
(OCB). Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.86	1	0.86
(TPB). Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.84	1	0.841
(HDB). Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.77	1	0.77
(ACB). Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.76	1	0.759
(VPB) Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam	0.75	1	0.753
(SEAB). Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Southeast Asia	0.75	1	0.751
(NAB). South Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.75	1	0.751
(SCB). Saigon Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.74	1	0.744
(EIB). Vietnam Export-Import Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.71	1	0.706
(ABB). An Binh Joint Stock Commercial Bank	0.67	1	0.666
(TCB). Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.65	1	0.651
(STB). Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.63	1	0.633
(NVB). National Commercial Joint Stock Bank	0.6	1	0.595
Mean	0.84	1	0.843

Measure the Efficiency of Commercial Bankers – A New Approach

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Efficiency of 23 banks in 2009 was estimated by the model of Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978)

Efficiency of 23 banks in 2019 estimated by the model of Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978)

Rank commercial banks according to A-efficiency (Source: Authors’ own research)

Rank commercial banks according to B-efficiency (Source: Authors’ own research)

Efficiency of 23 banks in 2008 was estimated by the model of Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978)

Results of running efficiency A, B, C for 26 banks from 2008 to 2019 (Source: Authors’ own research)

Efficiency of 23 banks in 2020 was estimated by the model of Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978)

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