Figure 1.
Effect of AgNPs on the induction of Creole pineapple shoots. A) control treatment, B) shoots with 25 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, C) shoots with 50 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, D) shoots with 100 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, E) shoots with 200 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, 30 days of induction; F) control treatment, G) shoots with 25 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, H) shoots with 50 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, I) shoots with 100 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, J) shoots with 200 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, 60 days of induction. The bar is equivalent to 1 cm. AgNPs, silver nanoparticles.
Figure 2.
Induction of Creole pineapple shoots with AgNPs + 1 mg · L−1 BAP. A) control treatment, B) shoots with 25 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, C) shoots with 50 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, D) shoots with 100 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, E) shoots with 200 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, 30 days of induction; F) control treatment, G) shoots with 25 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, H) shoots with 50 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, I) shoots with 100 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, J) shoots with 200 mg · L−1 of AgNPs, 60 days of induction. The bar is equivalent to 1 cm. AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; BAP, 6-benzylaminopurine.
Table 1.
Obtaining Creole pineapple shoots with AgNPs.
| Treatments | Number of shoots | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| AgNPs (mg · L−1) | BAP (mg · L−1) | 30 days | 60 days |
| 0 | 0 | 2.67 ± 0.88 if | 5.0 ± 0.0 c |
| 25 | 0 | 1.67 ± 0.66 f | 2.0 ± 1.0 d |
| 50 | 0 | 6.0 ± 0.57 bc | 6.33 ± 0.33 c |
| 100 | 0 | 6.0 ± 0.58 bc | 6.0 ± 0.0 c |
| 200 | 0 | 3.33 ± 1.20 def | 5.0 ± 0.57 c |
| 25 | 1 | 4.67 ± 0.67 cde | 8.57 ± 0.33 b |
| 50 | 1 | 9.33 ± 0.67 a | 11.33 ± 0.88 a |
| 100 | 1 | 5.0 ± 1.0 bcd | 10.33 ± 0.33 a |
| 200 | 1 | 7.0 ± 0.0 b | 8.67 ± 0.33 b |
| LSD | 2.26 | 1.36 | |
Figure 3.
Quantification of chlorophyll in pineapple shoots obtained from different treatments with AgNPs. Different letters indicate significant differences. Tukey p ≤ 0.05. AgNPs, silver nanoparticles.
Figure 4.
Quantification of chlorophyll in pineapple shoots obtained from different treatments with AgNPs + 1 mg · L−1 BAP. Different letters indicate significant differences. Tukey p ≤ 0.05. AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; BAP, 6-benzylaminopurine.
Table 2.
Quantification of total phenols and antioxidant capacity in Creole pineapple shoots that were obtained in treatments with AgNPs alone or in combination with BAP.
| AgNPs (mg · L−1) | Treatments | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS medium + AgNPs | Medium MS + AgNPs + 1 mg · L 1 BAP | |||
| Phenols (GAE mg · g−1 DW) | IC50 (mg · g−1 DW) | Phenols (GAE mg · g−1 DW) | IC50 (mg · g−1 DW) | |
| 0 | 20.81 ± 0.015 a–d | 35.45 | 18.74 ± 0.600 a–d | 4.98 |
| 25 | 25.85 ± 0.008 d | 25.45 | 18.16 ± 0.600 a–d | 4.64 |
| 50 | 32.44 ± 0.018 c | 8.60 | 21.35 ± 0.601 a | 2.96 |
| 100 | 36.58 ± 0.015 b | 15.82 | 20.19 ± 0.600 b | 3.82 |
| 200 | 42.02 ± 0.008 a | 26.68 | 19.52 ± 0.600 c | 4.39 |
| LSD | 0.041 | – | 0.037 | – |