Diversity analysis and cross-species amplification of custard apple (Annona squamosa) using simple sequence repeats developed via next-generation sequencing technology

Krishnamurthy, Abhilasha; Sakthivel, Thandavarayan; Ravishankar, Kundapura V.

Diversity analysis and cross-species amplification of custard apple (Annona squamosa) using simple sequence repeats developed via next-generation sequencing technology

Folia Horticulturae

Volume 37 (2025): Issue 1 (July 2025)

By:

Abhilasha Krishnamurthy

, Thandavarayan Sakthivel

and Kundapura V. Ravishankar

Open Access

|Jul 2025

Figures & Tables

Dendrogram analysis of A. squamosa genotypes using SSR markers data. SSR, simple sequence repeat.

Structure analysis of Annona genotypes using SSR data.

Distribution of microsatellite types in A_ squamosa genome_

Motif types	Number of SSRs	Frequency (%)
Mono-nucleotide	100658	56.20
Di-nucleotide	46493	25.96
Tri-nucleotide	15590	8.70
Tetra-nucleotide	2266	1.26
Penta-nucleotide	495	0.27
Hexa-nucleotide	202	0.11
Compound nucleotide	13376	7.4
Total	179080

Genetic analysis of SSR primers data using_ A_ squamosa genotypes_

Locus	Forward sequence and reverse sequence 5′–3′	Repeat motif*	Tm (°C)	No. of alleles per locus (k)	Ho	He	PIC	PI
ASIIHR01 FASIIHR01 R	ACATGCCCTCAATCATCTCCAGTTAAAAATTAATGAATGAGCCAGG	(TA)₆	55	23	0.50	0.93	0.91	0.0103
ASIIHR02 FASIIHR02 R	CTGAATTCTAACAGATGTGCTGGGGCTTTGGACGTCTACGCAT	(TA)₈	60	20	0.60	0.91	0.90	0.0150
ASIIHR03 FASIIHR03 R	TCAGACTTCAACTCAAGTCGATCCTAATACCCAAGTCATGAAGACCAA	(AT)₈	55	25	0.62	0.93	0.91	0.0114
ASIIHR04 FASIIHR04 R	ACTCGTACTGCTATAAAAGTGGGTATGAGAGCTGCCCACGAC	(AT)₇	55	37	0.65	0.97	0.95	0.0032
ASIIHR05 FASIIHR05 R	AAAACTGTCGGCTTCCATGTAGA AC C A AC AC AGC TTC C ATT	(TA)₆	55	20	0.80	0.84	0.82	0.0364
ASIIHR06 FASIIHR06 R	CTTCTGTTGTCATCACTCGCACACGATAGAAATCGAAGAACAGA	(TA)₆	55	22	0.52	0.90	0.88	0.0186
ASIIHR07 FASIIHR07 R	AAATATCAAGTTTAAAGCAGTATTTGCTACAAGCGGGACATAGAAGC	(TA)₆	55	30	0.97	0.95	0.93	0.0064
ASIIHR08 FASIIHR08 R	GATAGGAAGACAAACAGTTAGTTTAGGCGGCAGCTTTCTTCTTGTTC	(AG)₆	55	28	0.92	0.91	0.90	0.0143
ASIIHR09 FASIIHR09 R	CCAAGAAATCTCACGTTCGCTCTTTCTTTAGCAAGTAGTGGTTTTT	(AG)₁₃	60	30	0.82	0.95	0.93	0.0065
ASIIHR10 FASIIHR10 R	TGTGGGTTTATATTGACCATCATTGTGGAGCTAGGGTTCTTCGTC	(GA)₈	60	31	0.97	0.93	0.94	0.0057
ASIIHR11 FASIIHR11 R	ACGCTTTTCTTCTCCGGCCTCGCCTGCTCCTCTCAC	(GA)₉	55	26	0.52	0.95	0.91	0.0110
ASIIHR12 FASIIHR12 R	GCTTTGAGAGAAAATGAGAGACAACTACCTTTCCGGCGAATCC	(AG)₁₁	55	30	0.92	0.91	0.93	0.0065
ASIIHR13 FASIIHR13 R	GATATTCAAAGAGCACGAGAGGAAAAAGTTAGTCGGCAAATCCC	(GA)₆	55	33	0.70	0.88	0.89	0.0147
ASIIHR14 FASIIHR14 R	GTGAGAGAGAGAGAAGGAAGGCGCGAATCTCTCTTCCGACAG	(GA)₁₀	55	19	0.70	0.93	0.85	0.0284
ASIIHR15 FASIIHR15 R	TTTTCTCTTTTCTTCGTTCTTGCGAGGGGGCTGGTGACCTAT	(GA)₁₂	60	25	0.82	0.92	0.91	0.0107
ASIIHR16 FASIIHR16 R	CCTAATCGGAAAGGTGCAAATGGCTTTATTGGATGTGTTTGA	(AC)⁷	55	23	0.70	0.85	0.91	0.0126
ASIIHR17 FASIIHR17 R	GCTAAGACGGGGCCAACCTGCCTTATTTCTTTAAACAGGGTC	(AC)₆	60	16	0.75	0.87	0.83	0.0388
ASIIHR18 FASIIHR18 R	CTCTCTCTTGTGCTTCTCCCACTTTCTCTCTCTCCCCCTCC	(AC)₆	55	18	0.82	0.97	0.84	0.0338
ASIIHR19 FASIIHR19 R	TGACGAGATCGAATTAAGTACCCTGATGCCTATAAAAGGGGCA	(CA)₈	60	46	0.92	0.94	0.96	0.0022
ASIIHR21 FASIIHR21 R	ACCAGCAAATCCTGGGAAGTGAATCTGCAACTCAAAACTGA	(AC)₆	55	29	1.00	0.78	0.93	0.0076
ASIIHR21 FASIIHR21 R	TTGATGCAATTCTTCAGTTTGATACAAGGGTTGGGAATTTGG	(AC)₈	55	16	0.92	0.92	0.74	0.0758
ASIIHR22 FASIIHR22 R	CATACATTTTGCCCACGACCCACAGATACACACACACGAACAA	(GT)₈	60	25	0.77	0.95	0.90	0.0132
ASIIHR23 FASIIHR23 R	AAAAAGTCCATTCTTTTTCTCCATCATTTCTTCATCCCATTGC	(GT)₆	55	28	0.92	0.94	0.93	0.0066
ASIIHR24 FASIIHR24 R	CACATCACCCATATAAAAAGCGGTTGGGACAACTCTTCACCC	(TG)₆	60	35	0.82	0.93	0.93	0.0065
ASIIHR25 FASIIHR25 R	CAGCGATGGTTGCTTAATTTGAGTAGGTGGAGAGACCCACG	(GT)₆	55	25	0.77	0.93	0.92	0.0099
ASIIHR26 FASIIHR26 R	AGCAAAAGTGGTCATCCGAATTTTAGATCGCTAAGAAGATCACA	(TG)₁₃	60	30	0.80	0.96	0.91	0.0102
ASIIHR27 FASIIHR27 R	TCGCTATTTCAAAATTAAGTAAAAGAATGTTTTAGTTGAGCAAGGCTAGG	(TG)₈	55	37	0.82	0.96	0.95	0.0044
ASIIHR28 FASIIHR28 R	TCTTGTTTTTGCCAGTTCCCGCTTGAACTCAAAGCATGTTG	(GT)₈	60	34	0.87	0.87	0.95	0.0038
ASIIHR29 FASIIHR29 R	TGTTACTGTTGGGCATGGAAGGTTGGGTTGAAAATTTAAGCA	(GT)₆	55	23	0.67	0.95	0.85	0.0263
ASIIHR30 FASIIHR30 R	CCTTCCACCCTTGGATCTTAGATCAATGTGGATAAAACTTCGC	(CT)₆	55	33	0.82	0.97	0.94	0.0058
ASIIHR31 FASIIHR31 R	CTTTTCTTCTCCATTTTCCCGCGTTGGAGATTCCAAGAGAAA	(CT)₈	55	44	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.0031
ASIIHR32 FASIIHR32 R	AGGTGGATCGCTTAAGATGAATCTGAGCAGGTGTGTAGTCCT	(TC)₆	55	29	0.80	0.92	0.93	0.0069
ASIIHR33 FASIIHR33 R	ACTGGCCGAGGAAAGGGTGAGAGGGAGGAAAAAGTTAATCG	(TC)₁₂	55	28	0.97	0.97	0.91	0.0117
ASIIHR34 FASIIHR34 R	CTCCCCGTTACCCAACTGGGTTCCTTCCGTCCTCCTG	(CT)₉	55	35	0.72	0.96	0.95	0.0034
ASIIHR35 FASIIHR35 R	TTTC ATAGC TTTTATTGC TTTCTTAGAGTCGGGTCGAATCCACA	(GA)₈	55	40	0.85	0.96	0.95	0.0036
ASIIHR36 FASIIHR36 R	CTTCTGTCTTCCTCATTTTCTCGTGGGAGAGAAGTGAGAGAGC TT	(AG)₈	60	35	0.77	0.94	0.94	0.0047
ASIIHR37 FASIIHR37 R	GGCCACACTTGCTCAAAAATTTCTTATTGATGCGTAGCGG	(GC)₇	55	19	0.92	0.90	0.92	0.0090
ASIIHR38 FASIIHR38 R	GGGAGGAAACTTGATCCCTTAAAATTATGGTGCAGTGGCG	(GC)₆	60	15	0.27	0.94	0.88	0.0196
ASIIHR39 FASIIHR39 R	GGCCACACTTGCTCAAAAATTTCTTATTGATGCGTAGCGG	(GC)₇	55	28	0.27	0.97	0.92	0.0087
ASIIHR40 FASIIHR40 R	CCAATCCCTTTATCCAAGCAGTGCAATTTGAAAAGCAGCA	(GC)₇	55	35	0.27	0.93	0.96	0.0027
ASIIHR41 FASIIHR41 R	CATCTCCGCAACACCAGATAGCCAGAAGAGGCAGTGATTC	(GC)₈	55	27	0.67	0.94	0.92	0.0092
ASIIHR42 FASIIHR42 R	AGAGGAAAACTTACAAAAACATAGACGGCCCTAAGAGAGCAGTTTACCC	(ATG)₆	55	26	0.30	0.93	0.92	0.0089
ASIIHR43 FASIIHR43 R	GTATGTCATGGAGGATACAGGGACATCCTCATCATCTCCCACA	(GAA)₅	55	23	0.25	0.90	0.92	0.0091
ASIIHR44 FASIIHR44 R	ACTGCTGCTGAGATGTGCGCTGCTGCTGCTGTTGACG	(GAT)₇	55	23	0.30	0.92	0.91	0.0112
ASIIHR45 FASIIHR45 R	TTATTGTATAAAACACCCCAAAGAATTCTTATCATTTTGCCCGTCT	(TTC)₁₀	60	18	0.45	0.96	0.89	0.0183
ASIIHR46 FASIIHR46 R	TTGGCAACCATCAGAATAAGAACAACCCTGCTTCCATTCAA	(AAT)₅	60	17	0.35	0.94	0.90	0.0152
ASIIHR47 FASIIHR47 R	AAAAACCTTGGGCTTGTGCCCTTGCCCCTATTATTTTCC	(TCT)₆	55	32	0.37	0.95	0.95	0.0037
ASIIHR48 FASIIHR48 R	TTGGTGAAGCATTCAAAAATTCCCTTGCCCCTATTATTTTCC	(ATG)₁₀	55	32	0.52	0.93	0.93	0.0072
ASIIHR49 FASIIHR49 R	TCAAACGCCCGCATATTTAGCTGGAGAAAGACGGCAAG	(AGC)₅	55	26	0.40	0.94	0.93	0.0070
ASIIHR50 FASIIHR50 R	ACCTCAAAGCTAGGGGGTAAACCGAAGTAGAGATACGCCTCTT	(GAA)₅	55	26	0.35	0.93	0.92	0.0103
ASIIHR51 FASIIHR51 R	AAAATGAGCATGAAGAAAAGAAAAAGATTGTAAGACAAATTGAGATGTAATG	(ATT)₁₀	55	22	0.30	0.94	0.93	0.0081
ASIIHR52 FASIIHR52 R	TCCCATTTTCTGATCGAGTTGTAACCCTCGCCGTGAATAG	(TCA)₅	55	23	0.42	0.93	0.92	0.0101
ASIIHR53 FASIIHR53 R	AGACTAATCTAAGTTTAAAGCAAGCAATGATC TTTGTTGAAGCGTCTCT	(AAG)₅	55	21	0.45	0.94	0.92	0.0090
ASIIHR54 FASIIHR54 R	TTCAAGAATCATCTTTTAAGTCAACCTTTTCATGGAAACAACCAAATG	(GTG)₅	55	30	0.45	0.94	0.92	0.0079
ASIIHR55 FASIIHR55 R	TCACTTGGAATAATGTGGAACGCAGTCCCCAGCTCCAAAC	(GTC)₁₁	55	19	0.40	0.91	0.89	0.0181
ASIIHR56 FASIIHR56 R	CCCCAATCCCAATCCTTAGTGGAGTTCGTGTGCTTTACCG	(AGC)₅	55	28	0.75	0.96	0.94	0.0047
ASIIHR57 FASIIHR57 R	GACGTGCTGCTGGGATTCTTCACCAGGCAGTT	(CGA)₅	55	24	0.35	0.92	0.90	0.0134
ASIIHR58 FASIIHR58 R	AAAATGCATGCCTTGTTTGTTAGTCCTTGAGCAACACATGC	(ATTC)₇	60	23	0.55	0.91	0.90	0.0146
ASIIHR59 FASIIHR59 R	AAGGGCATGTTGTCTTCTCAATTTGCAAGTTTATTTCTGCTCAA	(TTGT)₆	60	29	0.45	0.95	0.93	0.0070
ASIIHR60 FASIIHR60 R	TCCCGACCTTTCTTACGGATTTTATCTCTATCTCTCCACCGGA	(ATCTC)₆	60	22	0.67	0.87	0.85	0.0276
ASIIHR61 FASIIHR61 R	AATATGTTAACCCGAAACTCAACCAATAATTACATAATTGATGAGGGTCAA	(TAGGGT)₅	55	16	0.60	0.95	0.78	0.0571
ASIIHR62 FASIIHR62 R	CTCTGTTTCTATCTCTCTCAAACTCAGGAATGGGAGAGTATTTGAAGG	(TC)₉tgtctctcatt(TC)₆	55	34	0.50	0.87	0.94	0.0058
ASIIHR63 FASIIHR63 R	TACCGGATCTCTCATTTTCGGCTGGGAGAGTGAGCTGAAA	(TC)₅cgccatttctatctct ctctccgtcattcct ctctctctttctctgttttccttt ggaaaaatcggca aacccaaat(TC)₆	55	24	0.62	0.81	0.90	0.0139
ASIIHR64 FASIIHR64 R	CATGTTGGACATGTGAGCCAATGCCTATTTTAGGCTGGGT	(A)₁₀g(A)₁₀	55	28	0.85	0.95	0.91	0.0101
ASIIHR65 FASIIHR65 R	GGCGTCCAAAAATTGAGATTTTTGGGGAGTATCTACTCAGGC	(AT)₇gtatttgccccatggg ccccaaaaaaaataaa(AT)₇ ttttagactttcaa(AT)₇	55	31	0.67	0.92	0.92	0.0082
ASIIHR66 FASIIHR66 R	TCTACGCTACCCAGCAAATGAATGACAATATGATTTGCCTTGA	(T)₁₁(TA)₆*	55	28	0.67	0.93	0.90	0.0128
ASIIHR67 FASIIHR67 R	CCGACTTCAACCTTCTGAGCTCAATGGAATATTCACTTTTCTAGG	(A)₁₁ttaaaacagattta tcaaaaatgttctta cgagaaagggaaaa taggagaaaaaggt agaatgagggttttc tttttgtgcgtgttttgga(AG)₈	55	27	0.60	0.94	0.91	0.0075
ASIIHR68 FASIIHR68 R	GTGGATACTCCCCGACTGGTTCACATACTTTTGCCTGAGTAGA	(AAT)₆	55	26	0.55	0.95	0.92	0.0066
ASIIHR69 FASIIHR69R	TTCACATACTTTTGCCTGAGTAGAGCCATCTTGGGCTTTTTAGA	(AT)₆gacctcttcgctcaatccaagcctcaatgtc(A)₁₀	55	21	0.67	0.92	0.90	0.0143
ASIIHR70FASIIHR70 R	GAAGGGAGATGCAAACGTTAAGAACTGCTTGCTTTATGCACTTT	(A)₁₁(T)₁₀	55	27	0.60	0.92	0.91	0.0118

Cross species amplification of 70 SSR loci derived from A_ squamosa_

No.	Locus	A. cherimola	A. reticulata	A. glabra	A. muricata	A. atemoya
1	ASIIHR01	A	A	A	A	A
2	ASIIHR02	A	A	A	A	A
3	ASIIHR03	A	A	A	A	A
4	ASIIHR04	A	A	A	A	A
5	ASIIHR05	A	A	A	A	A
6	ASIIHR06	A	A	A	A	A
7	ASIIHR07	NA	A	NA	A	NA
8	ASIIHR08	A	A	A	A	A
9	ASIIHR09	A	A	A	A	A
10	ASIIHR10	A	A	A	A	A
11	ASIIHR11	A	A	A	A	A
12	ASIIHR12	A	A	A	A	A
13	ASIIHR13	A	A	A	A	A
14	ASIIHR14	A	A	A	A	A
15	ASIIHR15	A	A	A	A	A
16	ASIIHR16	A	A	A	A	A
17	ASIIHR17	A	A	A	A	A
18	ASIIHR18	A	A	A	A	A
19	ASIIHR19	A	A	A	A	A
20	ASIIHR20	A	A	A	A	A
21	ASIIHR21	A	A	A	A	A
22	ASIIHR22	A	A	A	NA	NA
23	ASIIHR23	A	A	A	A	A
24	ASIIHR24	A	A	A	A	A
25	ASIIHR25	A	A	A	A	A
26	ASIIHR26	A	A	A	A	A
27	ASIIHR27	NA	A	A	A	NA
28	ASIIHR28	A	A	A	A	A
29	ASIIHR29	A	A	A	A	A
30	ASIIHR30	A	A	A	A	A
31	ASIIHR31	A	A	A	A	A
32	ASIIHR32	A	A	A	A	A
33	ASIIHR33	A	A	A	A	A
34	ASIIHR34	A	A	A	A	A
35	ASIIHR35	A	A	A	A	NA
36	ASIIHR36	A	A	A	A	A
37	ASIIHR37	A	A	A	A	A
38	ASIIHR38	A	A	A	A	A
39	ASIIHR39	A	A	A	A	A
40	ASIIHR40	A	A	A	A	A
41	ASIIHR41	A	A	NA	A	NA
42	ASIIHR42	A	A	A	A	A
43	ASIIHR43	A	A	A	A	A
44	ASIIHR44	A	A	A	A	A
45	ASIIHR45	A	A	A	A	A
46	ASIIHR46	A	A	A	A	A
47	ASIIHR47	A	A	A	A	A
48	ASIIHR48	A	A	A	A	NA
49	ASIIHR49	A	A	A	A	A
50	ASIIHR50	A	A	A	A	A
51	ASIIHR51	NA	A	A	A	A
52	ASIIHR52	A	A	A	NA	NA
53	ASIIHR53	NA	A	A	A	NA
54	ASIIHR54	A	A	A	A	A
55	ASIIHR55	A	A	A	A	A
56	ASIIHR56	A	A	A	A	A
57	ASIIHR57	A	A	A	A	A
58	ASIIHR58	A	NA	A	NA	NA
59	ASIIHR59	A	A	A	A	A
60	ASIIHR60	A	A	A	NA	NA
61	ASIIHR61	A	A	A	A	A
62	ASIIHR62	A	NA	A	NA	NA
63	ASIIHR63	A	A	A	A	A
64	ASIIHR64	A	A	A	A	A
65	ASIIHR65	A	A	A	NA	NA
66	ASIIHR66	A	A	A	A	A
67	ASIIHR67	A	A	A	A	A
68	ASIIHR68	A	NA	A	NA	NA
69	ASIIHR69	A	A	A	A	A
70	ASIIHR70	A	A	A	A	A
Transferability %		94.2	95.7	97.1	90.00	80.00

AMOVA analysis of genetic variances within and among populations of 40 custard apple accessions_

Source of variation	df	SS	MS	Estimated variance	% Variation
Among populations	5	213.769	42.74	0.021	0
Among individuals	34	1447.244	42.56	9.870	30
Within individuals	40	913.00	22.825	22.825	70
Total					100

List of 40 custard apple (A_ squamosa) genotypes/cultivars belonging to A_ squamosa and different species of Annona used in the study_

Sl. No.	Cultivars/accessions No.	Place of collection	State
1.	Balanagar	Sangareddy	Telangana
2.	Raidurg	Ananthapur	Andhra Pradesh
3.	Taiwan	Taiwan	Taiwan
4.	Arka_Sahan (IC No. 0632061)	IIHR	Karnataka
5.	NMK_1	Garmale	Maharashtra
6.	APK_1	Aruppukottai	Tamil Nadu
7.	WASHINGTON_05	Florida	USA
8.	Barbados	Florida	USA
9.	Washington_97	Florida	USA
10.	19/26 (IC no. 0632061)	IIHR, Bangalore	Karnataka
11.	Arka Neelanchal Vikram	Bhubaneswar	Odisha
12.	Mammoth	Florida	USA
13.	Red_sitaphal	Sangareddy	Telangana
14.	6_8	Nalakadoddi	Andhra Pradesh
15.	2_1	Vengalampalli	Andhra Pradesh
16.	3_1	Vengalampalli	Andhra Pradesh
17.	1_1	Vengalampalli	Andhra Pradesh
18.	8_8	Pythota	Andhra Pradesh
19.	8_9	Pythota	Andhra Pradesh
20.	2_2	Vengalampalli	Andhra Pradesh
21.	27_1	Jambugumpala	Andhra Pradesh
22.	5_8	Molakalmuru	Karnataka
23.	3_2	Vengalampalli	Andhra Pradesh
24.	5_1	Molakalmuru	Karnataka
25.	8_18	Pythota	Andhra Pradesh
26.	1_10	Vengalampalli	Andhra Pradesh
27.	8_16	Pythota	Andhra Pradesh
28.	11_8	Yercaud	Tamil Nadu
29.	3_3	Vengalampalli	Andhra Pradesh
30.	4_11	Molakalmuru	Karnataka
31.	8_17	Pythota	Andhra Pradesh
32.	1_5	Vengalampalli	Andhra Pradesh
33.	2_13	Vengalampalli	Andhra Pradesh
34.	4_1	Molakalmuru	Karnataka
35.	2_10	Vengalampalli	Andhra Pradesh
36.	4_10	Molakalmuru	Karnataka
37.	6_10	Nalakadoddi	Andhra Pradesh
38.	4_12	Molakalmuru	Karnataka
39.	8_7	Pythota	Andhra Pradesh
40.	Rolenia	Moodubidire	Karnataka
41.	A. cherimola	Sangareddy	Telangana
42.	A. reticulata	Sangareddy	Telangana
43.	A. glabra	Sangareddy	Telangana
44.	A. muricata	Sangareddy	Telangana
45.	A. atemoya	Sangareddy	Telangana

Summary of sample Balanagar assembled genome_

Plant WGS	Balanagar
Contigs generated	1388525
Maximum contig length	21462
Minimum contig length	100
Average contig length	466.126
Total contigs length	647227553 (647.2 MB)
Total number of non-ATGC characters	54429
Percentage of non-ATGC characters	8.40956E-05
Contigs >100 b:	1379816
Contigs >500 b:	350135
Contigs >1 Kb:	170254
Contigs >10 Kb:	19
Contigs >100 Kb:	0
n50 value:	954
n90_value:	151
kmer length	89
Total number of scaffolds	58528
Total number of identified SSRs	1790080

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2025-0009 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761

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Language: English

Page range: 139 - 155

Submitted on: Feb 6, 2025

Accepted on: May 20, 2025

Published on: Jul 10, 2025

Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

Related subjects:

Zoology,

Ecology,

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© 2025 Abhilasha Krishnamurthy, Thandavarayan Sakthivel, Kundapura V. Ravishankar, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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Diversity analysis and cross-species amplification of custard apple (Annona squamosa) using simple sequence repeats developed via next-generation sequencing technology

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Distribution of microsatellite types in A_ squamosa genome_

Genetic analysis of SSR primers data using_ A_ squamosa genotypes_

Cross species amplification of 70 SSR loci derived from A_ squamosa_

AMOVA analysis of genetic variances within and among populations of 40 custard apple accessions_

List of 40 custard apple (A_ squamosa) genotypes/cultivars belonging to A_ squamosa and different species of Annona used in the study_

Summary of sample Balanagar assembled genome_

Paradigm

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