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Influence of irrigation and nutrition under ultra-high density planting of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. 'Alphonso' Cover

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Influence of irrigation and nutrition under ultra-high density planting of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. 'Alphonso'

Folia Horticulturae

Volume 36 (2024): Issue 4 (December 2024)

By: M. Anand, K. Kayalvizhi, A. Sankari, K. Karthi, M. Velmurugan, M. K. Prabhadharshini, S. Nanthakumar and L. Pugalendhi

Open Access

|Apr 2025

Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Field view under UHDP. UHDP, ultra-high density planting.

Table 1.

Treatments used in the experiment.

S. No.	Treatment details
1	75% Pan evaporation + 50% of RDF through fertigation (I₁F₁)
2	75% Pan evaporation + 75% of RDF through fertigation (I₁F₂)
3	75% Pan evaporation + 100% of RDF through fertigation (I₁F₃)
4	75% Pan evaporation + 125% of RDF through fertigation (I₁F₄)
5	100% Pan evaporation + 50% of RDF through fertigation (I₂F₁)
6	100% Pan evaporation + 75% of RDF through fertigation (I₂F₂)
7	100% Pan evaporation + 100% of RDF through fertigation (I₂F₃)
8	100% Pan evaporation + 125% of RDF through fertigation (I₂F₄)
9	125% Pan evaporation + 50% of RDF through fertigation (I₃F₁)
10	125% Pan evaporation + 75% of RDF through fertigation (I₃F₂)
11	125% Pan evaporation + 100% of RDF through fertigation (I₃F₃)
12	125% Pan evaporation + 125% of RDF through fertigation (I₃F₄)

View of fertigation equipment. (A) Main line. (B) Sub-line showing different fertigation levels. (C) Water-soluble fertilisers used for fertigation. (D) Fertigation on run. (E) On-line emitters. (F) Drippers in use discharging water.

Table 2.

Stages of fertiliser application.

Nutrient	Stages of fertiliser application
Nutrient	Immediately after pruning (July–Aug–Sep) (%)	Pre-flowering (Oct–Nov–Dec) (%)	Reproductive stage (Jan–Feb–Mar) (%)	Fruit improvement (Apr–May) (%)	Total percentage (%)
Nitrogen	25	40	20	15	100
Phosphorus	40	30	20	10	100
Potash	25	20	25	30	100

Effect of different irrigation regimes and fertigation levels on flowering, fruiting in tree and fruits.

Table 3.

Influence of irrigation regimes and fertigation on tree height (m) at different stages.

I F	Vegetative stage				Flowering stage				Harvesting stage
I F	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean
F₁	2.19	2.29	2.24	2.24	2.28	2.37	2.29	2.31	2.40	2.46	2.41	2.42
F₂	2.23	2.32	2.28	2.28	2.31	2.41	2.32	2.35	2.43	2.52	2.46	2.47
F₃	2.26	2.37	2.34	2.32	2.34	2.48	2.46	2.43	2.45	2.61	2.59	2.55
F₄	2.30	2.42	2.40	2.37	2.40	2.55	2.53	2.49	2.49	2.68	2.65	2.61
Mean	2.25	2.35	2.32		2.33	2.46	2.40		2.44	2.57	2.53
	I	F	I × F		I	F	I × F		I	F	I × F
SEd	0.03	0.02	0.04		0.01	0.02	0.03		0.01	0.01	0.02
CD (0.05)	NS	0.03	NS		0.04	0.04	NS		0.03	0.03	0.05

1 I = irrigation, F = fertigation.

Table 4.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation on trunk girth (cm) at different stages of mango tree.

I F	Vegetative stage				Flowering stage				Harvesting stage
I F	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean
F₁	22.57	24.79	23.92	23.76	23.38	25.56	24.73	24.56	24.33	26.42	25.59	25.45
F₂	24.09	25.68	24.49	24.75	24.77	26.39	25.24	25.47	25.68	27.31	25.96	26.32
F₃	24.68	25.88	24.96	25.17	25.51	26.79	25.85	26.05	26.47	27.88	26.93	27.09
F₄	25.10	26.12	25.87	25.70	25.97	26.97	26.73	26.56	26.92	28.11	27.86	27.63
Mean	24.11	25.62	24.81		24.91	26.43	25.64		25.85	27.43	26.59
	I	F	I × F		I	F	I × F		I	F	I × F
SEd	0.34	0.31	0.57		0.35	0.32	0.59		0.37	0.33	0.62
CD (0.05)	0.95	0.65	NS		0.98	0.67	NS		1.02	0.69	NS

1 I = irrigation, F = fertigation.

Table 5.

Influence of irrigation regimes and fertigation on tree spread in east-west direction (m) at different stages.

I F	Vegetative stage				Flowering stage				Harvesting stage
I F	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean
F₁	1.70	1.85	1.81	1.78	1.85	2.00	1.98	1.94	2.03	2.15	2.13	2.10
F₂	1.78	1.91	1.92	1.87	1.94	2.14	2.11	2.06	2.11	2.27	2.28	2.22
F₃	1.79	1.99	1.97	1.92	1.98	2.19	2.21	2.13	2.18	2.49	2.48	2.38
F₄	1.84	2.10	2.03	1.99	2.09	2.33	2.34	2.25	2.25	2.65	2.60	2.50
Mean	1.78	1.96	1.93		1.97	2.17	2.16		2.14	2.39	2.37
	I	F	I × F		I	F	I × F		I	F	I × F
SEd	0.10	0.07	0.15		0.03	0.04	0.06		0.03	0.05	0.08
CD (0.05)	NS	NS	NS		0.07	0.08	NS		0.07	0.11	NS

1 I = irrigation, F = fertigation.

Table 6.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation on tree spread in north-south direction (m) at different stages of mango.

I F	Vegetative stage				Flowering stage				Harvesting stage
I F	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean
F₁	1.69	1.82	1.97	1.83	1.88	2.00	2.10	1.99	1.95	2.09	2.17	2.07
F₂	1.72	1.88	2.00	1.87	1.91	2.14	2.16	2.07	1.97	2.24	2.24	2.15
F₃	1.76	1.93	2.14	1.95	1.95	2.16	2.35	2.15	2.02	2.29	2.47	2.26
F₄	1.84	2.11	2.08	2.01	2.03	2.35	2.28	2.22	2.12	2.44	2.42	2.33
Mean	1.75	1.94	2.05		1.94	2.16	2.22	2.02	2.27	2.33
	I	F	I × F		I	F	I × F		I	F	I × F
SEd	0.06	0.04	0.08		0.05	0.04	0.08		0.03	0.03	0.05
CD (0.05)	0.16	0.08	NS		0.13	0.09	NS		0.08	0.06	NS

1 I = irrigation, F = fertigation.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation on onset flowering in mango.

Full bloom date in mango.

Table 7.

Influence of irrigation regimes and fertigation levels on the percentage of fruit set and number of panicles per m² canopy area.

I F	Percentage of fruit set				Number of panicles/m²
I F	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean	I₁	I₂	I₃	Mean
F₁	0.27	0.39	0.37	0.34	8.70	12.83	10.77	10.77
F₂	0.29	0.42	0.40	0.37	9.50	13.30	12.50	11.77
F₃	0.32	0.45	0.43	0.40	11.83	15.77	15.63	14.41
F₄	0.36	0.46	0.44	0.42	12.78	16.13	15.83	14.92
Mean	0.31	0.43	0.41		10.70	14.51	13.68
	I	F	I × F		I	F	I × F
SEd	0.004	0.004	0.007		0.224	0.427	0.679
CD (0.05)	0.011	0.008	0.016		0.623	0.898	NS

1 I = irrigation, F = fertigation.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on the number of fruits per tree.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on total fruit weight (g).

Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on length of the fruit.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on fruit yield (kg).

Main-plot fruit yield.

Sub-plot fruit yield.

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0032 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761

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Language: English

Page range: 491 - 502

Submitted on: May 3, 2024

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Accepted on: Nov 18, 2024

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Published on: Apr 8, 2025

Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

system of planting,

Related subjects:

© 2025 M. Anand, K. Kayalvizhi, A. Sankari, K. Karthi, M. Velmurugan, M. K. Prabhadharshini, S. Nanthakumar, L. Pugalendhi, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 36 (2024): Issue 4 (December 2024)

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