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Soil health of bananas cultivated in Ribeira River Valley – the major producing region of Brazil Cover

Soil health of bananas cultivated in Ribeira River Valley – the major producing region of Brazil

Folia Horticulturae
Volume 36 (2024): Issue 3 (December 2024)
By: Karina Maria Vieira Cavalieri-Polizeli,  Anderson Lucas da Silva,  Marcus Cremonesi,  Juliana Domingues Lima,  Patriciani Estela Cipriano,  Maurício Roberto Cherubin and  Danilo Eduardo Rozane  
Open Access
|Oct 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Brazilian banana curls production and study sites in Ribeira River Valley, São Paulo state. Adapted from Almeida and Zanlorenssi (2018) and https://www.ovaledoribeira.com.br/2012/01/mapa-do-vale-do-ribeira-pelo-google.html.
Brazilian banana curls production and study sites in Ribeira River Valley, São Paulo state. Adapted from Almeida and Zanlorenssi (2018) and https://www.ovaledoribeira.com.br/2012/01/mapa-do-vale-do-ribeira-pelo-google.html.

Figure 2.

Mean values of the Forest and Banana systems for SQIs, considering the TDS, non-linearly interpreted, with integration weighted and additive, respectively, for SQI-1 (A) and SQI-2 (B) and contribution of soil functions in each one. Contribution of the soil indicators§ in the respective score functions (C) non-linear. ns: non-significant; *non-significant interaction; simple effects evaluated; **significant interaction; means followed by the same uppercase letter between functions and lowercase between systems do not differ by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05); i–availability and nutrient cycling; ii–availability of water and soil aeration; iii–support to biological activity; iv-sustaining plant growth; v–ability to resist degradation. ASI, aggregate stability index; BD, bulk density; BS, base saturation; CEC, electrical conductivity; SOC, soil organic carbon; SQIs, soil quality indexes, SSI, structural quality index; SWSC, soil water storage capacity; TDS, total dataset; TP, total porosity; WFPS, water filled pore space; WMD, weighted mean diameter. §Abbreviations are the same as in Table 3.
Mean values of the Forest and Banana systems for SQIs, considering the TDS, non-linearly interpreted, with integration weighted and additive, respectively, for SQI-1 (A) and SQI-2 (B) and contribution of soil functions in each one. Contribution of the soil indicators§ in the respective score functions (C) non-linear. ns: non-significant; *non-significant interaction; simple effects evaluated; **significant interaction; means followed by the same uppercase letter between functions and lowercase between systems do not differ by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05); i–availability and nutrient cycling; ii–availability of water and soil aeration; iii–support to biological activity; iv-sustaining plant growth; v–ability to resist degradation. ASI, aggregate stability index; BD, bulk density; BS, base saturation; CEC, electrical conductivity; SOC, soil organic carbon; SQIs, soil quality indexes, SSI, structural quality index; SWSC, soil water storage capacity; TDS, total dataset; TP, total porosity; WFPS, water filled pore space; WMD, weighted mean diameter. §Abbreviations are the same as in Table 3.

Figure 3.

Mean values of the Forest and Banana systems for SQIs, considering the TDS, linearly interpreted, with integration weighted and additive, respectively, for SQI-3 (A) and SQI-4 (B) and contribution of soil functions in each one. Contribution of the soil indicators§ in the respective score functions (C) linear. ns: non-significant; *non-significant interaction; simple effects evaluated; **significant interaction; means followed by the same uppercase letter between functions and lowercase between systems do not differ by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05); i–availability and nutrient cycling; ii–availability of water and soil aeration; iii–support to biological activity; iv-sustaining plant growth; v-ability to resist degradation. ASI, aggregate stability index; BD, bulk density; BS, base saturation; CEC, electrical conductivity; SAC, soil aeration capacity; SOC, soil organic carbon; SQIs, soil quality indexes, SSI, structural quality index; SWSC, soil water storage capacity; TDS, total dataset; TP, total porosity; WFPS, water filled pore space; WMD, weighted mean diameter. §The full description of the indicators can be found in Table 3.
Mean values of the Forest and Banana systems for SQIs, considering the TDS, linearly interpreted, with integration weighted and additive, respectively, for SQI-3 (A) and SQI-4 (B) and contribution of soil functions in each one. Contribution of the soil indicators§ in the respective score functions (C) linear. ns: non-significant; *non-significant interaction; simple effects evaluated; **significant interaction; means followed by the same uppercase letter between functions and lowercase between systems do not differ by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05); i–availability and nutrient cycling; ii–availability of water and soil aeration; iii–support to biological activity; iv-sustaining plant growth; v-ability to resist degradation. ASI, aggregate stability index; BD, bulk density; BS, base saturation; CEC, electrical conductivity; SAC, soil aeration capacity; SOC, soil organic carbon; SQIs, soil quality indexes, SSI, structural quality index; SWSC, soil water storage capacity; TDS, total dataset; TP, total porosity; WFPS, water filled pore space; WMD, weighted mean diameter. §The full description of the indicators can be found in Table 3.

Figure 4.

Mean values of the Forest and Banana systems for SQIs, considering the MDS, non-linearly interpreted, with integration weighted, additive and additive, respectively, for SQI-5 (A) and SQI-6 (B) and SMAF (C) and contribution of soil sectors in each one. Contribution of the soil indicators§ in the respective score sector (D). ns: non-significant; *non-significant interaction; simple effects evaluated; **significant interaction; means followed by the same uppercase letter between functions and lowercase between systems do not differ by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). BD, bulk density; MDS, minimum dataset; SOC, soil organic carbon; SMAF, Soil management assessment framework; SQIs, soil quality indexes; WFPS, water filled pore space; WMD, weighted mean diameter. §The full description of the indicators can be found in Table 3.
Mean values of the Forest and Banana systems for SQIs, considering the MDS, non-linearly interpreted, with integration weighted, additive and additive, respectively, for SQI-5 (A) and SQI-6 (B) and SMAF (C) and contribution of soil sectors in each one. Contribution of the soil indicators§ in the respective score sector (D). ns: non-significant; *non-significant interaction; simple effects evaluated; **significant interaction; means followed by the same uppercase letter between functions and lowercase between systems do not differ by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). BD, bulk density; MDS, minimum dataset; SOC, soil organic carbon; SMAF, Soil management assessment framework; SQIs, soil quality indexes; WFPS, water filled pore space; WMD, weighted mean diameter. §The full description of the indicators can be found in Table 3.

Soil indicators associated with soil functions and database_

Soil functionIndicatorUnitDataset
Chemical
f(i) Storage, availability and cycling of nutrientsPmg · dm−3TDSMDS
Kmg · dm−3TDSMDS
Cammolc · dm−3TDS-
Mgmmolc · dm−3TDS-
Smmolc · dm−3TDS-
Bmg · dm−3TDS-
Cumg · dm−3TDS-
Mnmg · dm−3TDS-
Femg · dm−3TDS-
Znmg · dm−3TDS-
pH-TDSMDS
H + Almmolc_ · dm−3TDS-
BS%TDS-
CECmmolc_ · dm−3TDS-
Physical
f(ii) Soil–water dynamic and soil aerationBDkg · m−3TDSMDS
f(iv) Sustain plant growth
TPm−3 · m−3TDS-
f(ii) Soil–water dynamic and soil aerationMaPm−3 · m−3TDS-
MiPm−3 · m−3TDS-
SWSC-TDS-
f(iv) Sustain plant growthWFPS-TDSMDS
SAC-TDS-
f(ii) Soil–water dynamic and soil aerationKfscm · h−1TDS-
f(v) Ability to resist degradation
f(iv) Sustain plant growthASI%TDSMDS
f(v) Ability to resist degradation
f(v) Ability to resist degradationMWDMmTDS-
SSI%TDS-
Biological
f(iii) Sustain biological activityMdensIndiv · m −2TDS-
EWormIndiv · mC2TDS-
Mrich-TDS-
Mdiver-TDS-
f(i, ii, iii, iv)SOCg · kg−1TDSMDS

Execution process of the SQIs and SMAF_

SQISelection of indicatorsInterpretationIntegrationReference
SQI-1TDSNon-LinearWeightedCherubin et al. (2016a)
SQI-2 Additive
SQI-3 LinearWeightedAndrews et al. (2002)
SQI-4 Additive
SQI-5MDSNon-LinearWeightedCherubin et al. (2016a) adapted
SQI-6 Additive
SMAF WeightedAndrews et al. (2004)

Mean values of the indicators of chemical, physical and biological sectors, to characterise each land use_

ChemicalForestBananaSDPhysicalForestBananaSDBiologicalForestBananaSD
BS%81929.74Ksat (cm · h−1)39.823.3425.79Mdiver1.51.40.09
pH CaCl25.56.50.70WMD (mm)3.204.200.71
H + Al (mmolc · dm−3)18135.82SSI (%)71.8852.0714.01Mrich2.01.80.17
CEC (mmolc · dm−3)11117138.49ASI (%)11.7614.672.06
Fe (mg · dm−3)817232.92TP (m3 · nr−3)0.500.580.05Abundance (indv · m−2)28.132.70.28
Cu (mg · dm−3)341.55SAC0.360.160.15
Zn (mg · dm−3)9135.91MiP (m3 · m−3)0.320.480.11Eworm (indv · m−2)0.80.60.12
Mn (mg · dm−3)502617.49WFPS0.640.840.14
B (mg · dm−3)0.180.270.10SWSC0.630.840.15SOC (g · kg−1)24.7530.816.93
Mg (mmolc · dm−3)224514.86BD (Mg · m−3)1.251.270.02
Ca (mmolc · dm−3)6810627.16
K (mmolc · dm−3)264.10MaP (m3 · m−3)0.180.090.06
P (mg · dm−3)1612565.88
S (mg · dm−3)12122.35

Studied site characterisation at the Eldorado, Registro and Sete Barras counties_

City EldoradoRegistroSete-Barras
System ForestBananaForestBananaForestBanana
Age of system305035154540
Latitude24°29′57″S 24°23′34″S 24°26′29″S
Longitude48°02′48″O 47°49′36″O 47°53′22″O
Climate Köppen*Am Af Af
Mean annual temperature (°C)23.9–24.3 (lowest 13°C) in July, and highest (34.2°C) in February
Mean annual rainfall (mm)1500–1600
Soil textureClay Loam Clay Clay Loam
Liming30 days before planting, based on raising BS to 70% and Mg content to 8 mmol · dm −3
FertilizationPotassium200 a 450 kg of K2O · ha−1 at formation stage and 100–750 kg of K2O · ha−1 at production stage
Nitrogeneous200 kg of mineral N at formation stage and 160–400 kg N mineral · ha−1 · year−1
Phosphate40–120 kg of P2O5 · ha−1 with annual repetitions according to soil analysis
OrganicApplication in the pit (10–15 L of cattle manure) or chicken manure (3–5 L · pit−1)

Statistical parameters of the SQIs and SMAF for evaluating land use systems Forest and Banana_

SQIMeanCV (%)RMSEStd. Error MeanConfidence intervalsF test
SQI-10.73 c5.470.0390.01500.1260.40 ns
SQI-20.77 bc2.800.0220.00790.0690.00 ns
SQI-30.40 e9.440.0370.01340.1180.00 ns
SQI-40.55 d7.060.0390.01720.1261.80 ns
SQI-50.84 ab6.730.0570.02630.1822.46 ns
SQI-60.84 ab6.680.0560.02610.1802.48 ns
SMAF0.87 a1.920.0170.00680.0531.10 ns
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0025 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761
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Language: English
Page range: 399 - 413
Submitted on: Jun 10, 2024
Accepted on: Sep 12, 2024
Published on: Oct 8, 2024
Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
physical,
chemical and biological soil properties
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science,
Zoology,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other

© 2024 Karina Maria Vieira Cavalieri-Polizeli, Anderson Lucas da Silva, Marcus Cremonesi, Juliana Domingues Lima, Patriciani Estela Cipriano, Maurício Roberto Cherubin, Danilo Eduardo Rozane, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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