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Inhibitory action of ginkgolic acid against pathogenic fungi and characterisation of its inhibitory activities on Nigrospora oryzae Cover

Inhibitory action of ginkgolic acid against pathogenic fungi and characterisation of its inhibitory activities on Nigrospora oryzae

Open Access
|Jun 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

HPLC chromatogram of the standard substance mixture and purified ginkgolic acid. Standard samples are indicated by the black line and by the red line for purified ginkgolic acid by the red line. HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography.
HPLC chromatogram of the standard substance mixture and purified ginkgolic acid. Standard samples are indicated by the black line and by the red line for purified ginkgolic acid by the red line. HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography.

Figure 2

Infrared spectrum of ginkgolic acid.
Infrared spectrum of ginkgolic acid.

Figure 3

Growth status of Nigrospora oryzae on PDA medium with 80% ethanol and different concentrations of ginkgolic acid (0 mg · mL−1, 2.5 mg · mL−1, 5 mg · mL−1 and 10 mg · mL−1). PDA, potato dextrose agar.
Growth status of Nigrospora oryzae on PDA medium with 80% ethanol and different concentrations of ginkgolic acid (0 mg · mL−1, 2.5 mg · mL−1, 5 mg · mL−1 and 10 mg · mL−1). PDA, potato dextrose agar.

Figure 4

Optical microscopic images (10 × 40) of cell membranes of Nigrospora oryzae cultured (A) without and (B) with ginkgolic acid.
Optical microscopic images (10 × 40) of cell membranes of Nigrospora oryzae cultured (A) without and (B) with ginkgolic acid.

Figure 5

Effect of ginkgolic acid on electrical conductivity (A) and mycelial protein (B) of Nigrospora oryzae. Vertical lines represent standard errors of three replicates. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test at p < 0.05.
Effect of ginkgolic acid on electrical conductivity (A) and mycelial protein (B) of Nigrospora oryzae. Vertical lines represent standard errors of three replicates. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test at p < 0.05.

Figure 6

Effect of ginkgolic acid on the activities of (A) SOD and (B) CAT in Nigrospora oryzae. Each value is the mean of three experiments. Bars represent the standard error of the mean. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test at p < 0.05. CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.
Effect of ginkgolic acid on the activities of (A) SOD and (B) CAT in Nigrospora oryzae. Each value is the mean of three experiments. Bars represent the standard error of the mean. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test at p < 0.05. CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Figure 7

Protection of leaves by ginkgolic acid. (A) treatment with sterile distilled water after Nigrospora oryzae inoculation; (B) treatment with ginkgolic acid after N. oryzae inoculation; (C) treatment with sterile distilled water after inoculation with sterile distilled water; (D) treatment with ginkgolic acid after inoculation with sterile distilled water. The concentration of spore suspension used for inoculation was 106 CFU · mL−1, and the concentration of ginkgolic acid was 5 mg · mL−1. CFU, colony-forming units.
Protection of leaves by ginkgolic acid. (A) treatment with sterile distilled water after Nigrospora oryzae inoculation; (B) treatment with ginkgolic acid after N. oryzae inoculation; (C) treatment with sterile distilled water after inoculation with sterile distilled water; (D) treatment with ginkgolic acid after inoculation with sterile distilled water. The concentration of spore suspension used for inoculation was 106 CFU · mL−1, and the concentration of ginkgolic acid was 5 mg · mL−1. CFU, colony-forming units.

Figure 8

Degree of leaf disease: (A) treatment with sterile distilled water after Nigrospora oryzae inoculation; (B) treatment with ginkgolic acid after N. oryzae inoculation; (C) treatment with sterile distilled water after inoculation with sterile distilled water; (D) treatment with ginkgolic acid after inoculation with sterile distilled water. The concentration of spore suspension used for inoculation was 106 CFU · mL−1, and the concentration of ginkgolic acid was 5 mg · mL−1. CFU, colony-forming units.
Degree of leaf disease: (A) treatment with sterile distilled water after Nigrospora oryzae inoculation; (B) treatment with ginkgolic acid after N. oryzae inoculation; (C) treatment with sterile distilled water after inoculation with sterile distilled water; (D) treatment with ginkgolic acid after inoculation with sterile distilled water. The concentration of spore suspension used for inoculation was 106 CFU · mL−1, and the concentration of ginkgolic acid was 5 mg · mL−1. CFU, colony-forming units.

The wavenumber of ginkgolic acid_

Wavenumber, cm−1Main characteristic peak assignmentThe group
3,426.36O–H stretching vibration−OH
2,925.45C–H stretching vibration−CH3
1,718.90C=O stretching vibration−C=O
1,626.12Aromatic ring – C=C stretching vibrationBenzene ring
1,484.59Aromatic ring – C=C stretching vibrationBenzene ring
1,077.92C–O stretching vibration−C–OH
818.20Aromatic ring =C–H plane bending vibration−C–H
778.24Aromatic ring =C–H plane bending vibration−C–H

Inhibition of fungi by ginkgolic acid_

SpeciesControlConcentration of ginkgolic acid
2.5 mg · mL-15 mg · mL-110 mg · mL-1
Fungistatic rate, %
Nigrospora oryzae0.792 ±0.02362.032 ±0.05665.822 ±0.03265.291 ±0.028
Penicillium expansum2.883 ±0.0212.891 ±0.0483.041 ±0.0433.044 ±0.031
Alternaria alternata1.271 ±0.01949.374 ±0.05256.963 ±0.02955.563 ±0.052
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0004 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761
Language: English
Page range: 49 - 59
Submitted on: Jul 4, 2022
Accepted on: Jan 26, 2023
Published on: Jun 26, 2023
Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2023 Jing Liu, Jiuliang Chen, Shuhong Ye, Yan Ding, Shuhang Guo, Ningning Fan, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.