Effects of shoot age on biological and chemical properties of red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) cultivars

Boban S. Djordjevic; Dejan B. Djurovic; Gordan D. Zec; Mekjell O. Meland; Milica M. Fotiric Aksic

doi:10.2478/fhort-2020-0026

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Effects of shoot age on biological and chemical properties of red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) cultivars

Folia Horticulturae

Volume 32 (2020): Issue 2 (December 2020)

By: Boban S. Djordjevic, Dejan B. Djurovic, Gordan D. Zec, Mekjell O. Meland and Milica M. Fotiric Aksic

Open Access

|Nov 2020

Figures & Tables

**(A)** The beginning of bud burst of 3-year-old shoots of red currant cultivars (counting from the 1st of January); mean ± standard deviation. **(B)** The beginning of bud burst of 2-year-old shoots of red currant cultivars (counting from the 1st of January); mean ± standard deviation.

**(A)** The beginning of the flowering of 3-year-old shoots of red currant cultivars (counting from the 1st of January); mean ± standard deviation. **(B)** The beginning of the flowering of 2- to 3-year-old shoots of red currant cultivars (counting from the 1^st of January); mean ± standard deviation.

Table 1

Physical attributes of the clusters and berries of the 11 studied red currant cultivars (2013–2018)

Cultivars	Age of shoots	Abbreviation	Cluster weight (g)	Cluster length (cm)	Number of flowers per cluster	Number of berries per cluster	Berry weight (g)	Berry diameter (mm)	Fruit set (%)
Abbreviation			CLW^†	CLE	NFC	NFB	BW	BD	FS
Junifer	2′ leaf	Jun2^‡	9.3 bc	7.8 cd	13.9 cd	10.5 ef	0.97 a	10.6 ab	76.0 c
Junifer	3′ leaf	Jun3	6.6 cd	6.0 d	12.2 d	8.7 f	0.81 b	10.4 b	70.9 cd
Jonkheer Van Tets	2′ leaf
Jonkheer Van Tets	3′ leaf	Jvt3	6.9 cd	6.2 cd	12.5 d	9.1 ef	0.98 a	11.4 a	73.2 cd
Stanza	2′ leaf	Sta2	6.0 cd	7.3 cd	21.1 bc	13.9 d	0.48 d	8.3 d	66.0 d
Stanza	3′ leaf	Sta3	5.1 d	6.1 d	17.3 bc	12.4 de	0.55 cd	8.6 cd	71.4 cd
Rondom	2′ leaf	Ron2	12.3 a	12.3 a	18.6 bc	16.0 cd	1.02 a	10.9 ab	85.9 ab
Rondom	3′ leaf	Ron3	7.3 cd	8.5 c	14.4 cd	10.9 e	0.76 bc	10.2 b	75.8 c
London Market	2′ leaf	Lok2	6.0 cd	6.8 cd	18.3 bc	15.4 cd	0.32 e	7.8 de	84.2 b
London Market	3′ leaf	Lok3	3.6 d	6.1 d	17.1 c	12.7 de	0.26 e	7.3 e	74.3 c
Rolan	2′ leaf
Rolan	3′ leaf	Rol3	10.4 b	8.9 bc	18.5 bc	15.5 cd	0.67 bc	10.2 b	83.6 b
Makosta	2′ leaf	Mak2	5.4 d	6.6 cd	15.1 cd	11.3 e	0.61 cd	9.2 c	75.1 c
Makosta	3′ leaf	Mak3	3.7 d	5.4 d	11.9 d	9.6 ef	0.51 cd	8.8 cd	80.7 bc
Mirana	2′ leaf	Mir2	12.0 ab	10.5 b	23.6 ab	20.7 b	0.75 bc	10.1 b	87.8 ab
Mirana	3′ leaf	Mir3	10.9 b	8.6	21.7 b	19.0 bc	0.71 bc	10.0 bc	87.7 ab
Slovakia	2′ leaf
Slovakia	3′ leaf	Slo3	13.5 a	9.8 b	23.1 ab	21.2 b	0.81 b	10.5 b	91.8 a
Rovada	2′ leaf	Rov2	9.8 b	9.3 bc	20.0 bc	17.5 c	0.70 bc	9.8 bc	87.7 ab
Rovada	3′ leaf	Rov3	7.6 c	7.9 c	18.6 bc	15.3 cd	0.65 c	9.7 bc	82.2 bc
Redpoll	2′ leaf	Red2	13.8 a	11.8 ab	27.0 a	24.6 a	0.72 bc	10.1 b	91.1 ab
Redpoll	3′ leaf	Red3	12.0 ab	10.1 b	26.1 ab	23.5 ab	0.61 cd	9.7 bc	90.1 ab
LSD			2.1	1.7	4.5	2.5	0.15	0.8	7.4

Data show means of five replications. Different letters in columns indicate a significant difference between cultivars according to Duncan's test at the 5% level (p < 0.05).

‡ Abbreviations correspond to the score plots in principal component analysis (PCA) (Figure 4A).

† Abbreviations correspond to the factor loadings in PCA (Figure 4B).

**(A)** The beginning of the harvesting of 3-year-old shoots of red currant cultivars (counting from the 1st of January); mean ± standard deviation. **(B)** The beginning of the harvesting of 2-year-old shoots of red currant cultivars (counting from the 1st of January); mean ± standard deviation.

Table 2

Generative properties of the 11 studied red currant cultivars (2013–2018)

Cultivars	Age of shoots	Abbreviation	Number of clusters per shoot	Yield per shoot (kg)	Percentage of shoot yield in total yield	Total number of clusters per bush	Total yield per bush (kg)	Yield efficiency
Abbreviation			NCS^†	Y	SYTY	-	-	-
Junifer	2′ leaf	Jun2^{^‡}	13.0 e	0.12 ef	11.4	465.8 a	3.2 b	146.2 c
Junifer	3′ leaf	Jun3	142.3 a	0.94 b	88.6	465.8 a	3.2 b	146.2 c
Jonkheer Van Tets	2′ leaf	-	/	/	0.0	272.6 d	1.9 cd	145.3 c
Jonkheer Van Tets	3′ leaf	Jvt3	90.9 c	0.63 cd	100.0	272.6 d	1.9 cd	145.3 c
Stanza	2′ leaf	Sta2	7.4 e	0.04 f	7.6	341.7 bc	1.8 d	195.5 b
Stanza	3′ leaf	Sta3	106.5 bc	0.54 d	92.4	341.7 bc	1.8 d	195.5 b
Rondom	2′ leaf	Ron2	4.7 e	0.06 f	6.9	332.6 c	2.5 c	132.5 c
Rondom	3′ leaf	Ron3	106.2 bc	0.78 c	93.1	332.6 c	2.5 c	132.5 c
London Market	2′ leaf	Lok2	12.5	0.07 f	14.9	394.8 b	1.5 d	262.7 a
London Market	3′ leaf	Lok3	119.1 b	0.43 d	85.1	394.8 b	1.5 d	262.7 a
Rolan	2′ leaf	-	/	/	0.0	264.5 d	2.8 bc	95.8 d
Rolan	3′ leaf	Rol3	88.2 c	0.92 bc	100.0	264.5 d	2.8 bc	95.8 d
Makosta	2′ leaf	Mak2	0.9 e	0.01 f	2.2	186.6 e	0.7 e	267.4 a
Makosta	3′ leaf	Mak3	61.3 d	0.23 e	97.8	186.6 e	0.7 e	267.4 a
Mirana	2′ leaf	Mir2	1.6 e	0.02	1.9	273.2 d	3.0 bc	92.0 de
Mirana	3′ leaf	Mir3	89.5 c	0.97 b	98.1	273.2 d	3.0 bc	92.0 de
Slovakia	2′ leaf	-	/	/	0.0	287.2 cd	3.9 a	73.9 e
Slovakia	3′ leaf	Slo3	95.7 c	1.29 a	100.0	287.2 cd	3.9 a	73.9 e
Rovada	2′ leaf	Rov2	1.2 e	0.01 f	2.8	164.4 e	1.4 d	131.4 c
Rovada	3′ leaf	Rov3	53.6 d	0.41 d	97.2	164.4 e	1.4 d	131.4 c
Redpoll	2′ leaf	Red2	3.1 e	0.04 f	6.1	176.2 e	2.1 cd	82.9 de
Redpoll	3′ leaf	Red3	55.6 d	0.66 cd	93.9	176.2 e	2.1 cd	82.9 de
LSD			22.2	0.15		58.2	0.6	19.3

Data are means of five replications. Different letters in columns indicate a significant difference between cultivars according to Duncan's test at the 5% level (p < 0.05).

‡ Abbreviations correspond to the score plots in principal component analysis (PCA) (Figure 4A).

† Abbreviations correspond to the factor loadings in PCA (Figure 4B).

Table 3

Contents of primary metabolites in the berries of the 11 studied red currant cultivars (2013–2018)

Cultivars	Age of shoots	Abbreviation	Total soluble solids (%)	Total acids (%)	Total sugars (%)	Invert sugars (%)	Sucrose (%)	Ascorbic acid (mg · 100 g^–1)	Sugar/acid ratio
Abbreviation			TSS^†	TA	TS	IS	SUC	AA	SAR
Junifer	2′ leaf	Jun2^{^‡}	9.7 ± 0.4 d	1.0 ± 0.08 bc	6.4 ± 0.4 e	5.6 ± 0.2 g	0.8 ± 0.05 b	49.3 ± 5.2 bc	6.3
Junifer	3′ leaf	Jun3	9.5 ± 0.3 d	1.1 ± 0.08 bc	6.8 ± 0.6 e	5.7 ± 0.1 g	1.0 ± 0.02 a	42.2 ± 3.6 cd	6.2
Jonkheer van Tets	2′ leaf	-
Jonkheer van Tets	3′ leaf	Jvt3	10.2 ± 0.2 cd	1.1 ± 0.06 bc	8.3 ± 0.3 c	7.7 ± 0.3 d	0.6 ± 0.04 c	38.7 ± 4.4 cd	7.8
Stanza	2′ leaf	Sta2	10.6 ± 0.2 c	0.7 ± 0.04 cd	8.9 ± 0.4 b	8.0 ± 0.4 cd	0.8 ± 0.01 b	66.9 ± 8.4 a	13.2
Stanza	3′ leaf	Sta3	10.5 ± 0.5 cd	1.2 ± 0.08 b	7.6 ± 0.2 d	6.8 ± 0.4	0.8 ± 0.02 b	54.0 ± 2.3 b	6.4
Rondom	2′ leaf	Ron2	10.1 ± 0.2 cd	0.7 ± 0.05 cd	8.0 ± 0.3 cd	7.3 ± 0.2 de	0.7 ± 0.01bc	54.3 ± 8.4 b	11.4
Rondom	3′ leaf	Ron3	9.6 ± 0.4 d	1.1 ± 0.08 bc	6.8 ± 0.2 e	6.0 ± 0.3 g	0.8 ± 0.05 b	48.2 ± 4.4 bc	6.4
London Market	2′ leaf	Lok2	10.7 ± 0.3 bc	1.0 ± 0.05 bc	8.7 ± 0.6 bc	7.7 ± 0.4 d	0.9 ± 0.02 ab	26.4 ± 3.6 e	8.7
London Market	3′ leaf	Lok3	10.5 ± 0.3 cd	1.1 ± 0.03 bc	7.5 ± 0.2 d	6.7 ± 0.2 f	0.7 ± 0.03 bc	24.6 ± 2.1 e	10.7
Rolan	2′ leaf	-
Rolan	3′ leaf	Rol3	11.6 ± 0.4 b	0.5 ± 0.04 d	8.8 ± 0.4 b	7.9 ± 0.2 cd	0.8 ± 0.04 b	24.6 ± 2.5 e	9.3
Makosta	2′ leaf	Mak2	11.2 ± 0.02 bc	1.0 ± 0.02 bc	7.9 ± 0.4 cd	7.0 ± 0.3 ef	0.9 ± 0.05 ab	45.8 ± 4.2 c	6.9
Makosta	3′ leaf	Mak3	12 ± 0.5 ab	1.2 ± 0.04 b	8.2 ± 0.6 c	7.2 ± 0.2 e	0.9 ± 0.02 ab	28.2 ± 2.3 de	8.1
Mirana	2′ leaf	Mir2	12.1 ± 0.5 ab	0.8 ± 0.08 c	10.3 ± 0.3 a	9.5 ± 0.5 a	0.7 ± 0.05bc	35.7 ± 3.6 d	10.9
Mirana	3′ leaf	Mir3	12.6 ± 0.3 a	0.9 ± 0.06 c	10.0 ± 0.5 a	9.1 ± 0.4 ab	0.9 ± 0.06 ab	31.7 ± 2.7 de	12.0
Slovakia	2′ leaf	-
Slovakia	3′ leaf	Slo3	11.2 ± 0.4 bc	1.4 ± 0.09 ab	8.9 ± 0.6 b	8.2 ± 0.2 c	0.7 ± 0.06 bc	28.5 ± 4.3 de	7.1
Rovada	2′ leaf	Rov2	10.7 ± 0.1 c	0.8 ± 0.06 c	7.8 ± 0.4 d	7.0 ± 0.2 ef	0.9 ± 0.02 ab	56.3 ± 2.3 b	9.7
Rovada	3′ leaf	Rov3	10.8 ± 0.2 bc	0.9 ± 0.07 c	6.9 ± 0.4 e	6.0 ± 0.2 g	0.9 ± 0.04 ab	45.8 ± 5.1 c	7.3
Redpoll	2′ leaf	Red2	11.9 ± 0.3 ab	1.2 ± 0 .0.1 b	7.4 ± 0.5 d	6.7 ± 0.3 f	0.7 ± 0.03 bc	44.0 ± 4.1 cd	4.8
Redpoll	3′ leaf	Red3	12.7 ± 0.3 a	1.6 ± 0.3 a	9.8 ± 0.3 a	9.0 ± 0.4 b	0.8 ± 0.02 b	42.2 ± 6.1 cd	9.9
LSD			0.8	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.1	8.4

Data are means ± standard deviations of three replications. Different letters in columns indicate a significant difference between cultivars according to Duncan's test at the 5% level (p < 0.05).

‡ Abbreviations correspond to the score plots in principal component analysis (PCA) (Figure 4A).

† Abbreviations correspond to the factor loadings in PCA (Figure 4B).

Table 4

Contents of secondary metabolites of the 11 studied red currant cultivars (2013–2018).

Cultivars	Age of shoots	Abbreviation	Total phenolics (mg GAE · 100 g⁻¹)	Total anthocyanins (mg · 100 g⁻¹)	Cyanidin (mg · 100 g⁻¹)	Delphinidin (mg · 100 g⁻¹)
Abbreviation			TPC^†	TAC	CYA	DEL
Junifer	2′ leaf	Jun2^‡	156.0 ± 4.9 de	21.5 ± 1.2 bc	14.2 ± 0.8 c	4.5 ± 0.3 de
Junifer	3′ leaf	Jun3	165.3 ± 6.5 de	16.7 ± 0.7 c	10.3 ± 0.9 d	5.1 ± 0.2 d
Jonkheer Van Tets	2′ leaf	-
Jonkheer Van Tets	3′ leaf	Jvt3	118.2 ± 6.3 ef	17.6 ± 1.7 bc	9.3 ± 0.4 de	3.4 ± 0.3
Stanza	2′ leaf	Sta2	125.6 ± 5.7 ef	20.4 ± 1.3 bc	10.0 ± 0.4 d	6.0 ± 0.3 cd
Stanza	3′ leaf	Sta3	149.6 ± 14.3 de	15.3 ± 0.7 c	8.2 ± 0.6 de	5.5 ± 0.5 d
Rondom	2′ leaf	Ron2	117.4 ± 1.5 ef	19.6 ± 0.4 bc	12.3 ± 1.1 cd	5.4 ± 0.4 d
Rondom	3′ leaf	Ron3	136.3 ± 2.7 e	16.5 ± 3.3 c	10.3 ± 0.6 d	7.3 ± 0.2 c
Lon Mar	2′ leaf	Lok2	150.0 ± 4.6 de	15.4 ± 1.1 c	8.4 ± 0.2 de	5.5 ± 0.4 d
Lon Mar	3′ leaf	Lok3	172.0 ± 12.3 d	14.2 ± 0.7 c	6.5 ± 0.2 e	6.6 ± 0.2 cd
Rolan	2′ leaf	-
Rolan	3′ leaf	Rol3	174.5 ± 4.9 d	19.2 ± 1.5 bc	4.2 ± 0.3 e	14.2 ± 0.3 a
Makosta	2′ leaf	Mak2	101.2 ± 8.3 f	12.9 ± 0.9 c	7.0 ± 0.6 de	4.3 ± 0.4 de
Makosta	3′ leaf	Mak3	128.2 ± 8.3 ef	14.3 ± 1.2 c	6.2 ± 0.2 e	3.2 ± 0.2 e
Mirana	2′ leaf	Mir2	119.8 ± 3.7 ef	17.9 ± 0.6 bc	11.2 ± 0.5 cd	6.2 ± 0.2 cd
Mirana	3′ leaf	Mir3	149.2 ± 3.6 de	23.5 ± 3.1 bc	15.2 ± 0.8 bc	8.1 ± 0.5 bc
Slovakia	2′ leaf	-
Slovakia	3′ leaf	Slo3	117.2 ± 6.5 ef	22.2 ± 1.2 bc	17.9 ± 0.4 b	3.5 ± 0.2 e
Rovada	2′ leaf	Rov2	206.8 ± 13.4 c	24.9 ± 0.6 b	17.4 ± 0.6 bc	6.3 ± 0.5 cd
Rovada	3′ leaf	Rov3	239.5 ± 8.6 b	31.4 ± 1.0 ab	22.2 ± 0.4 a	8.2 ± 0.3 bc
Redpoll	2′ leaf	Red2	299.8 ± 10.4 a	25.4 ± 1.6 ab	17.5 ± 0.9 bc	7.2 ± 0.4 c
Redpoll	3′ leaf	Red3	325.2 ± 23.5 a	33.2 ± 3.3 a	20.1 ± 0.6 ab	9.2 ± 0.2 b
LSD			31.2	7.9	3.6	1.5

Data shown are means ± standard deviations of three replications. Different letters in columns indicate a significant difference between cultivars according to Duncan's test at the 5% level (p < 0.05).

‡ Abbreviations correspond to the score plots in principal component analysis (PCA) (Figure 4A).

† Abbreviations correspond to the factor loadings in PCA (Figure 4B).

**(A)** Principal component (PC) scores and **(B)** loading plot of the traits studied in 2- and 3-year-old shoots f 11 red currant cultivars. Abbreviations used in panel **(A)**: ‘Junifer’, 2′ leaf – **Jun2**; ‘Junifer’, 3′ leaf – **Jun3**; ‘Jonkheer van Tets’, 3′ leaf – **Jvt3**; ‘Stanza’, 2′ leaf – **Sta2**; ‘Stanza’, 3′ leaf – **Sta3**; ‘Rondom’, 2′ leaf – **Ron2**; ‘Rondom’, 3′ leaf – **Ron3**; ‘London market’, 2′ leaf – **Lok2**; ‘London market’, 2′ leaf – **Lok3**; ‘Rolan’, 3′ leaf – **Rol3**; ‘Makosta’, 2′ leaf – **Mak2**; ‘Makosta’, 3′ leaf – **Mak3**; ‘Mirana’, 2′ leaf – **Mir2**; ‘Mirana’, 3′ leaf – **Mir3**; ‘Slovakia’, 3′ leaf – **Slo3**; ‘Rovada’, 2′ leaf – **Rov2**; ‘Rovada’, 3′ leaf – **Rov3**; ‘Redpoll’, 2′ leaf – **ed2**; ‘Redpoll’, 3′ leaf – **Red3**). Abbreviations in panel **(B)** correspond to the cultivars/shoots and traits given in Tables 1–4.

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0026 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761

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Language: English

Page range: 291 - 305

Submitted on: Jul 29, 2020

Accepted on: Oct 19, 2020

Published on: Nov 20, 2020

Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

anthocyanin,

fruit quality,

phenology,

phenols,

principal component analysis,

yield,

yield efficiency

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Plant science

© 2020 Boban S. Djordjevic, Dejan B. Djurovic, Gordan D. Zec, Mekjell O. Meland, Milica M. Fotiric Aksic, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 32 (2020): Issue 2 (December 2020)

Effects of shoot age on biological and chemical properties of red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) cultivars

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Table 1

Figure 3

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Figure 4

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