Antioxidant potential and iodine accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings as the effect of the application of three different iodobenzoates

Mariya Halka; Sylwester Smoleń; Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń

doi:10.2478/fhort-2020-0019

Figures & Tables

The phenotype of young tomato plants from the control (A), control + ethanol (B) BeA (C), KI (D), 2-IBeA (E), 4-IBeA (F) and 2,3,5-triIBeA (G) treatment.

AA content in leaves of young tomato plants after BeA (A), KI (B), 2-IBeA (C), 4-IBeA (D) and 2,3,5-triIBeA (E) treatments. Means followed by the same letters are not significantly different for p < 0.05. Bars indicate standard error (n = 8). * The analysis was not done due to the lack of plant material due to the low yield in 4-IBeA treatment in 10 μM I, 25 μM I and 50 μM I concentration (see Table 1).

DHA content in leaves of young tomato plants after BeA (A), KI (B), 2-IBeA (C), 4-IBeA (D) and 2,3,5-triIBeA (E) treatments. Means followed by the same letters are not significantly different for p < 0.05. Bars indicate standard error (n = 8). * The analysis was not done due to the lack of plant material due to the low yield in 4-IBeA treatment in 10 μM I, 25 μM I and 50 μM I concentration (see Table 1).

APX activity in leaves of young tomato plants after BeA (A), KI (B), 2-IBeA (C), 4-IBeA (D) and 2,3,5-triIBeA (E) treatments. Means followed by the same letters are not significantly different for p < 0.05. Bars indicate standard error (n = 8). * The analysis was not done due to the lack of plant material due to the low yield in 4-IBeA treatment in 10 μM I, 25 μM I and 50 μM I concentration (see Table 1).

CAT activity in leaves of young tomato plants after BeA (A), KI (B), 2-IBeA (C), 4-IBeA (D) and 2,3,5-triIBeA (E) treatments. Means followed by the same letters are not significantly different for p < 0.05. Bars indicate standard error (n = 8). * The analysis was not done due to the lack of plant material due to the low yield in 4-IBeA treatment in 10 μM I, 25 μM I and 50 μM I concentration (see Table 1).

POX activity in leaves of young tomato plants after BeA (A), KI (B), 2-IBeA (C), 4-IBeA (D) and 2,3,5-triIBeA (E) treatments. Means followed by the same letters are not significantly different for p < 0.05. Bars indicate standard error (n = 8). * The analysis was not done due to the lack of plant material due to the low yield in 4-IBeA treatment in 10 μM I, 25 μM I and 50 μM I concentration (see Table 1).

Iodine content in leaves, stems and roots of young tomato plants after BeA (A), KI (B), 2-IBeA (C), 4-IBeA (D) and 2,3,5-triIBeA treatment

Treatments	Leaves (mg I · kg⁻¹ d.w.) ± SE	Stems (mg I · kg⁻¹ d.w.) ± SE	Roots (mg I · kg⁻¹ d.w.) ± SE
Control	0.32 ± 0.07 a	0.45 ± 0.05 a	0.24 ± 0.03 a
Control + ethanol	0.51 ± 0.11 ab	0.41 ± 0.01 a	0.29 ± 0.05 a
BeA (5 μmol)	0.58 ± 0.10 ab	0.64 ± 0.03 b	0.29 ± 0.03 a
BeA (10 μmol)	0.60 ± 0.14 ab	0.65 ± 0.05 b	0.24 ± 0.01 a
BeA (25 μmol)	0.43 ± 0.12 ab	0.43 ± 0.03 a	0.27 ± 0.03 a
BeA (50 μmol)	0.86 ± 0.08 b	0.55 ± 0.03 ab	0.28 ± 0.05 a

Control	0.32 ± 0.06 a	0.45 ± 0.05 a	0.23 ± 0.04 a
Control + ethanol	0.50 ± 0.11 a	0.41 ± 0.02 a	0.29 ± 0.05 a
KI (5 μM I)	52.49 ± 0.57 b	127.91 ± 1.33 b	54.20 ± 1.72 b
KI (10 μM I)	86.97 ± 2.00 c	234.15 ± 3.96 c	173.28 ± 3.47 c
KI (25 μM I)	238.98 ± 4.66 d	530.86 ± 9.37 d	307.87 ± 3.61 d
KI (50 μM I)	548.76 ± 12.57 e	1023.90 ± 10.29 e	449.16 ± 5.35 e

Control	0.32 ± 0.07 a	0.45 ± 0.06 a	0.24 ± 0.02 a
Control + ethanol	0.50 ± 0.11 a	0.41 ± 0.01 a	0.28 ± 0.06 a
2-IBeA (5 μM I)	19.18 ± 0.60 b	26.18 ± 2.84 b	116.97 ± 1.93 b
2-IBeA (10 μM I)	31.72 ± 1.65 c	49.51 ± 2.91 c	266.72 ± 6.57 c
2-IBeA (25 μM I)	49.10 ± 2.23 d	99.74 ± 1.52 d	685.92 ± 4.79 d
2-IBeA (50 μM I)	39.86 ± 5.21 d	122.51 ± 4.12 e	1464.37 ± 33.59 e

Control	0.33 ± 0.07 a	0.46 ± 0.05 a	0.24 ± 0.03 a
Control + ethanol	0.51 ± 0.12 a	0.40 ± 0.02 a	0.29 ± 0.05 a
4-IBeA (5 μM I)	21.31 ± 2.48 b	38.59 ± 2.98 b	73.89 ± 1.46 b
4-IBeA (10 μM I)	62.38 ± 0.54 c	158.18 ± 9.07 c	161.27 ± 2.58 c
4-IBeA (25 μM I)	122.21 ± 7.10 d	643.17 ± 34.67 d	335.62 ± 6.01 d
4-IBeA (50 μM I)	114.00 ± 10.31 d	769.52 ± 21.80 e	668.33 ± 36.29 e

Control	0.32 ± 0.07 a	0.46 ± 0.04 a	0.25 ± 0.04 a
Control + ethanol	0.51 ± 0.11 a	0.41 ± 0.02 a	0.29 ± 0.04 a
2,3,5-triIBeA (5 μM I)	36.11 ± 0.57 b	25.98 ± 0.67 b	43.21 ± 1.94 b
2,3,5-triIBeA (10 μM I)	45.72 ± 3.07 c	29.08 ± 0.98 b	81.07 ± 3.32 c
2,3,5-triIBeA (25 μM I)	30.44 ± 0.22 b	52.11 ± 1.75 c	192.26 ± 1.57 d
2,3,5-triIBeA (50 μM I)	35.38 ± 1.79 b	65.13 ± 1.59 d	257.60 ± 13.70 e

Sugars content in leaves of young tomato plants

Treatment	Glucose (mg ·100g⁻¹ f.w.) ± SE	Fructose (mg ·100g⁻¹ f.w.) ± SE	Sucrose (mg ·100g⁻¹ f.w.) ± SE	Total sugars (mg ·100g⁻¹ f.w.) ± SE
Control	34.10 ± 0.90 c	43.64 ± 0.53 c	23.47 ± 1.16 c	130.08 ± 3.69 e
Control+ethanol	56.29 ± 1.96 d	89.51 ± 1.37 e	12.00 ± 0.49 a	154.46 ± 2.98 d
BeA (5 μM)	23.14 ± 1.19 b	42.37 ± 1.26 c	21.70 ± 0.69 bc	87.20 ± 1.23 b
BeA (10 μM)	22.30 ± 0.90 ab	36.50 ± 0.32 b	30.21 ± 1.46 d	89.01 ± 2.05 b
BeA (25 μM)	17.13 ± 0.02 a	27.45 ± 0.94 a	24.02 ± 1.83 c	68.60 ± 5.16 a
BeA (50 μM)	35.96 ± 0.46 c	59.51 ± 1.58 d	16.42 ± 0.07 ab	111.89 ± 5.01 c

Control	34.10 ± 0.91 c	43.64 ± 0.54 c	23.47 ± 1.14 c	130.08 ± 3.70 c
Control+ethanol	56.30 ± 1.96 d	89.51 ± 1.38 d	12.00 ± 0.50 a	154.46 ± 2.99 d
KI (5 μM I)	15.44 ± 0.71 a	27.33 ± 1.86 a	11.04 ± 0.26 a	53.81 ± 3.18 a
KI (10 μM I)	18.65 ± 0.81 a	26.66 ± 0.58 a	12.16 ± 1.05 a	57.47 ± 1.90 a
KI (25 μM I)	24.42 ± 1.39 b	37.45 ± 1.32 b	19.00 ± 0.61 b	80.87 ± 4.93 b
KI (50 μM I)	17.02 ± 0.83 a	28.57 ± 0.94 a	11.27 ± 0.09 a	56.86 ± 1.24 a

Control	34.10 ± 0.91 bc	43.65 ± 0.53 b	23.47 ± 1.15 d	131.00 ± 3.70 d
Control+ethanol	56.29 ± 1.95 d	89.51 ± 1.38 d	11.99 ± 0.49 ab	154.47 ± 2.98 e
2-IBeA (5 μM I)	29.58 ± 0.73 b	46.27 ± 0.20 b	14.95 ± 0.49 bc	91.13 ± 3.72 c
2-IBeA (10 μM I)	17.40 ± 0.58 a	29.25 ± 0.32 a	10.84 ± 1.01 a	57.49 ± 2.20 a
2-IBeA (25 μM I)	20.85 ± 0.81 ab	33.64 ± 1.01 a	17.76 ± 0.74 c	72.26 ± 2.01 b
2-IBeA (50 μM I)	39.84 ± 3.85 c	64.79 ± 2.07 c	23.98 ± 0.44 d	128.60 ± 3.42 d

Control	34.11 ± 0.90 a	43.64 ± 0.54 a	23.47 ± 1.16 b	130.07 ± 3.68 b
Control+ethanol	56.29 ± 1.97 b	89.51 ± 1.36 b	12.00 ± 0.50 a	154.46 ± 2.98 c
4-IBeA (5 μM I)	38.90 ± 1.13 a	47.72 ± 1.22 a	15.06 ± 0.66 a	101.67 ± 2.05 a
4-IBeA (10 μM I)	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
4-IBeA (25 μM I)	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
4-IBeA (50 μM I)	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

Control	34.10 ± 0.89 a	43.64 ± 0.52 a	23.46 ± 1.15 d	130.08 ± 3.69 b
Control+ethanol	56.29 ± 1.95 b	89.51 ± 1.37 c	12.00 ± 0.49 b	155.06 ± 2.98 c
2,3,5-triIBeA (5 μM I)	38.82 ± 0.80 a	58.94 ± 1.93 b	23.49 ± 0.53 d	124.59 ± 7.38 b
2,3,5-triIBeA (10 μM I)	40.76 ± 2.32 a	60.08 ± 1.70 b	16.82 ± 1.07 c	117.66 ± 4.45 b
2,3,5-triIBeA (25 μM I)	37.15 ± 0.30 a	61.71 ± 1.49 b	11.71 ± 0.94 b	110.57 ± 6.11 b
2,3,5-triIBeA (50 μM I)	34.32 ± 1.20 a	46.70 ± 2.87 a	4.81 ± 0.33 a	85.82 ± 0.96 a

Fresh weight of leaves, stems and roots per one tomato plant after tested compounds treatment

Treatment	Weight of leaves per one plant (g) ± SE	Weight of stems per one plant (g) ± SE	Weight of roots per one plant (g) ± SE
Control	0.90 ± 0.08 a	1.10 ± 0.05 a	0.34 ± 0.04 a
Control + ethanol	1.23 ± 0.04 b	1.00 ± 0.03 a	0.48 ± 0.01 b
BeA (5 μM)	1.04 ± 0.04 ab	1.00 ± 0.03 a	0.39 ± 0.02 ab
BeA (10 μM)	1.11 ± 0.03 ab	1.09 ± 0.05 a	0.40 ± 0.03 ab
BeA (25 μM)	1.20 ± 0.08 b	1.17 ± 0.06 a	0.48 ± 0.05 b
BeA (50 μM)	1.05 ± 0.02 ab	1.06 ± 0.07 a	0.42 ± 0.01 ab

Control	0.90 ± 0.07 a	1.10 ± 0.05 a	0.34 ± 0.05 a
Control + ethanol	1.23 ± 0.03 b	0.99 ± 0.03 a	0.49 ± 0.02 b
KI (5 μM I)	1.01 ± 0.09 ab	1.09 ± 0.10 a	0.33 ± 0.03 a
KI (10 μM I)	1.11 ± 0.08 ab	1.18 ± 0.03 a	0.36 ± 0.02 ab
KI (25 μM I)	1.11 ± 0.05 ab	1.24 ± 0.02 a	0.42 ± 0.01 ab
KI (50 μM I)	1.05 ± 0.06 ab	1.17 ± 0.06 a	0.37 ± 0.04 ab

Control	0.90 ± 0.07 a	1.10 ± 0.06 a	0.34 ± 0.06 a
Control + ethanol	1.23 ± 0.04 b	1.00 ± 0.04 a	0.48 ± 0.02 ab
2-IBeA (5 μM I)	1.37 ± 0.04 b	1.34 ± 0.04 b	0.66 ± 0.05 b
2-IBeA (10 μM I)	1.22 ± 0.08 b	1.38 ± 0.07 b	0.52 ± 0.06 b
2-IBeA (25 μM I)	1.28 ± 0.08 b	1.46 ± 0.06 b	0.55 ± 0.04 b
2-IBeA (50 μM I)	1.32 ± 0.03 b	1.50 ± 0.03 b	0.61 ± 0.06 b

Control	0.91 ± 0.07 b	1.11 ± 0.05 c	0.34 ± 0.06 c
Control + ethanol	1.23 ± 0.05 b	1.01 ± 0.04 c	0.48 ± 0.01 b
4-IBeA (5 μM I)	0.94 ± 0.04 b	0.67 ± 0.04 bc	0.51 ± 0.03 bc
4-IBeA (10 μM I)	0.42 ± 0.19 a	0.29 ± 0.12 ab	0.37 ± 0.14 b
4-IBeA (25 μM I)	0.10 ± 0.02 a	0.05 ± 0.01 a	0.09 ± 0.03 a
4-IBeA (50 μM I)	0.07 ± 0.01 a	0.03 ± 0.01 a	0.08 ± 0.02 a

Control	0.91 ± 0.08 a	1.11 ± 0.06 a	0.34 ± 0.05 a
Control + ethanol	1.24 ± 0.06 b	1.00 ± 0.03 a	0.47 ± 0.01 ab
2,3,5-triIBeA (5 μM I)	1.50 ± 0.06 d	1.35 ± 0.06 c	0.61 ± 0.04 b
2,3,5-triIBeA (10 μM I)	1.38 ± 0.04 c	1.23 ± 0.04 ab	0.46 ± 0.05 ab
2,3,5-triIBeA (25 μM I)	1.32 ± 0.09 b	1.18 ± 0.02 ab	0.45 ± 0.02 ab
2,3,5-triIBeA (50 μM I)	1.08 ± 0.06 ab	1.13 ± 0.08 ab	0.35 ± 0.03 a

Antioxidant potential and iodine accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings as the effect of the application of three different iodobenzoates

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Iodine content in leaves, stems and roots of young tomato plants after BeA (A), KI (B), 2-IBeA (C), 4-IBeA (D) and 2,3,5-triIBeA treatment

Sugars content in leaves of young tomato plants

Fresh weight of leaves, stems and roots per one tomato plant after tested compounds treatment

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