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Effects of constantly high soil water content on vegetative growth and grape quality in Japan with high rainfall during grapevine growing season Cover

Effects of constantly high soil water content on vegetative growth and grape quality in Japan with high rainfall during grapevine growing season

Folia Horticulturae
Volume 32 (2020): Issue 2 (December 2020)
By: ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Aug 2020
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Deployment of a wireless sensor networking system for real-time monitoring of soil water content and an irrigation system. (A) Schematic representation of an experimental plot whose soil water content was controlled to more than 20% using an irrigation system and sheet treatment. (B) Photograph of an experimental plot (20 m × 4 m) whose soil water content was controlled to more than 20%. Ten grapevines were cultivated in the plot. (C) Photographs of grapevines in the experimental plots. Control, non-irrigated grapevines; >20%, irrigated grapevines.

Figure 2

Schematic of a wireless sensor networking system developed for real-time monitoring of soil water content. Control, non-irrigated experimental plot and >20%, irrigated experimental plot with soil water content controlled to more than 20%.

Table 1

Average temperatures, maximum and minimum temperatures, GDD and precipitation from April 1 to October 31 in the experimental farm

MonthAverage temperature (°C)Maximum temperature (°C)Minimum temperature (°C)GDDaPrecipitation (mm)
201720182019201720182019201720182019201720182019201720182019
April13.215.613.221.023.920.86.88.55.99616996857652.5
May19.419.018.927.526.727.312.412.611.228727927250.5104.577.5
June21.922.421.929.529.028.615.816.916.83563723585468133
July27.328.124.734.634.931.122.122.821.053256045565.5138.5172.5
August27.227.727.634.335.334.922.622.223.1534550546129.5134111
September22.322.424.729.028.332.117.218.719.5370373441112.527684.5
October16.217.618.321.325.023.912.012.014.219423826445541.5306.5
Total236925412432952838.5937.5

a GDD, growing degree days; base threshold of 10°C.

Figure 3

Changes of soil water content in response to rainfall and irrigation water. (A) Response to rainfall. Soil water contents were recorded by sensor B2D3 in the non-irrigated experimental plot and sensor B467 in the experimental plot with soil water content controlled to more than 20% from October 11 to 12 in the 2019 growing season. Rainfall data were collected by the Meteorological Observation System located approximately 50 m from the experimental plots. (B) Response to irrigation water. Irrigation was performed for 10 min at 16:00 on May 29 in the 2017 growing season. Soil water contents in the irrigated experimental plots were recorded by sensors B467, AE75 and AE86. Arrows indicate the timing of irrigation. Dotted lines in graphs indicate 20% soil water content.

Figure 4

Representative profiles of soil water content in experimental plots. Soil water contents recorded by each sensor from April 21 to October 31 in the 2017 growing season are shown as representative profiles. (A) Non-irrigated experimental plot. (B) Irrigated experimental plot with soil water content controlled to more than 20%. Dotted lines in graphs indicate 20% soil water content.

Table 2

Effects of constantly high soil water content on timings of bud break, bloom, full bloom and véraison

SeasonTreatmentBud breakBloomFull bloomVéraisonHarvest
2017ControlApril 25June 2June 9August 9October 4
>20%April 25June 2June 9August 19October 4
2018ControlApril 16May 20May 28August 5October 1
>20%April 16May 20May 28August 9October 1
2019ControlApril 28May 28June 4August 7September 28
>20%April 28May 28June 4August 8September 28

[i] Control, non-irrigated grapevines; >20%, irrigated grapevines.

Table 3

Leaf water potential in grapevines

YearDateLeaf water potential (MPa)
Control>20%
2017August 2−0.61 ± 0.07−0.47 ± 0.03
August 11−0.44 ± 0.01−0.48 ± 0.03
August 23−0.40 ± 0.01−0.47 ± 0.03
2018July 21−0.99 ± 0.08−0.68 ± 0.04a
July 23−0.83 ± 0.04−0.77 ± 0.05
July 25−0.79 ± 0.02−0.70 ± 0.04
July 30−0.76 ± 0.05−0.67 ± 0.01
August 13−0.61 ± 0.01−0.56 ± 0.06
August 15−0.61 ± 0.04−0.55 ± 0.03
August 18−0.55 ± 0.05−0.58 ± 0.04
2019July 30−0.61 ± 0.04−0.61 ± 0.01
August 2−0.62 ± 0.02−0.61 ± 0.02
August 4−0.63 ± 0.05−0.63 ± 0.01
August 10−0.77 ± 0.03−0.71 ± 0.04
August 12−0.79 ± 0.02−0.76 ± 0.02
August 14−0.71 ± 0.02−0.72 ± 0.02

Data are shown as means ± standard errors of three leaves.

a Significant difference compared with control at p < 0.05.

Control, non-irrigated grapevines; >20%, irrigated grapevines.

Figure 5

Effects of constantly high soil water content on berry characteristics. Berry characteristics were measured from July 26 to October 4 in the 2017 growing season. (A) Transverse diameter of berry. (B) Weight of 10 berries. (C) Soluble solids content (Brix). (D) Acid content. Control (•), non-irrigated grapevines; >20% (□), irrigated grapevines. Data are means ± standard errors determined from three bunches collected on each sampling day. * p < 0.05 compared with control.

Table 4

Effects of constantly high soil water content on berry quality

SeasonTreatmentBunch weight (g)Bunch length (cm)Berry number per bunchWeight of 10 berries (g)Transverse diameter (mm)Soluble solids content (Brix)Acid content (g · 100 mL−1)Anthocyanin (μg · cm−2)
2017Control279.7 ± 19.419.9 ± 0.8163.5 ± 9.517.7 ± 0.712.6 ± 0.219.5 ± 0.41.49 ± 0.03388.4 ± 54.1
>20%272.1 ± 15.418.8 ± 0.7158.3 ± 10.417.1 ± 0.312.6 ± 0.119.2 ± 0.11.83 ± 0.06a332.6 ± 23.8
2018Control215.7 ± 18.315.2 ± 0.4113.9 ± 8.916.4 ± 0.313.1 ± 0.116.8 ± 0.40.98 ± 0.05407.8 ± 47.6
>20%201.8 ± 11.015.1 ± 0.5111.0 ± 5.615.6 ± 0.312.7 ± 0.1a16.2 ± 0.20.97 ± 0.03323.6 ± 34.6
2019Control205.5 ± 11.715.0 ± 0.5112.6 ± 5.716.0 ± 0.213.1 ± 0.115.4 ± 0.30.99 ± 0.03333.5 ± 35.7
>20%206.2 ± 11.515.4 ± 0.4119.5 ± 6.816.2 ± 0.512.8 ± 0.1a15.6 ± 0.41.00 ± 0.03273.4 ± 16.9

Data are shown as means ± standard error (n = 100 for berry transverse diameter, n = 10 for others).

a Significant difference compared with control at p < 0.05.

Control, non-irrigated grapevines; >20%, irrigated grapevines.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0013 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761
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Language: English
Page range: 135 - 145
Submitted on: Apr 9, 2020
Accepted on: Jul 13, 2020
Published on: Aug 13, 2020
Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Cabernet Sauvignon,
soil water content,
Vitis vinifera,
waterlogging damage,
wireless sensor networking system
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science

© 2020 Yuta Kobayashi, Tetsunan Yamamoto, Hironori Ikeda, Ryuzo Sugihara, Hiroki Kaihori, Masahiro Kawabata, Shunji Suzuki, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 32 (2020): Issue 2 (December 2020)
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