Validation of a biomass based model for assessing forest ecosystem services: a case study of Feofania Park

Sample plot	Year of SP establishment	Coordinates	Age, years	Site index	Area, ha	Number of trees
1	2016	50.335422N 30.481637E	~80	I	0.51	260
2	2016	50.343174N 30.484455E	~180	I	0.88	314
3	2017	50.343387N 30.492641E	~180	I^a	0.44	214
4	2017	50.343335N 30.497189E	~80	I	0.29	226

Table 2.

Distribution of trees by vitality status on SPs, 2016–2023

Sample plots	Tree status	CABE	ACPL	QURO	TICO	ULLE	ROPS	FREX
2016 (Schepaschenko et al. 2019)
1	Alive	-	142	98	1	2	5	-
1	Snag	-	6	6	-	-	-	-
2	Alive	215	36	33	23	-	-	-
2	Snag	2	-	5	-	-	-	-
2017 (Schepaschenko et al. 2019)
3	Alive	181	8	7	6	10	1	-
3	Snag	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
4	Alive	57	73	63	9	1	-	1
4	Snag	8	2	8	4	-	-	-
2023
1	Alive	-	134	69	1	2	5	-
	Snag	-	7	30	-	-	-	-
	Missing	-	7	5	-	-	-	-
2	Alive	201	34	23	23	-	-	-
	Snag	15	2	15	-	-	-	-
	Missing	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	Alive	157	7	7	5	10	1	-
	Snag	24	1	-	1	-	-	-
	Missing	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
4	Alive	44	67	54	4	1	-	1
	Snag	16	7	17	9	-	-	-
	Missing	5	1	-	-	-	-	-

Above-ground live biomass on the SPs, 2016–2023

Table 3.

Indicators of above-ground live biomass of SPs, 2016–2023

Sample plots	Year	Above-ground live biomass, t∙ha^-1					Snags, t∙ha^-1	Total biomass of the stand, t∙ha^-1
Sample plots	Year	stem	coarse branches	small branches	leaves	total biomass	Snags, t∙ha^-1	Total biomass of the stand, t∙ha^-1
1	2016	201	22	70	17	310	3	313
	2019	201	23	66	16	306	15	321
	2020	196	22	62	15	295	21	316
	2021	191	22	60	15	288	25	313
	2023	199	23	61	15	298	21	319
2	2016	286	42	59	14	401	8	409
	2019	287	42	57	14	399	18	417
	2020	287	42	57	14	399	18	417
	2021	294	43	58	14	410	20	430
	2023	233	33	38	9	312	65	377
3	2017	220	39	35	8	303	0 (0.1)	303
	2019	233	42	35	8	318	2	320
	2020	233	41	35	8	318	3	321
	2021	239	43	37	9	328	0 (0.3)	328
	2023	240	43	37	9	329	6	335
4	2017	160	20	72	18	270	10	280
	2019	168	22	73	18	281	11	292
	2020	162	21	70	17	271	20	291
	2021	165	22	69	17	273	19	292
	2023	167	22	69	17	275	24	299

Table 4.

Comparison of above-ground live biomass indicators of tree stands using different assessment approaches, 2016–2023

Sample plot	Year	Growing stock volume according to forest management planning, m3·ha^-1	Growing stock volume of SP, m3·ha^-1	Deviation, %	Above-ground live biomass of the stands according to the models (Shvidenko et al. 2007), t·ha^-1	Above-ground live biomass of SP, t·ha^-1	Deviation, %
1	2016	350	359	-3	275	310	-11
1	2023	370	353	5	291	298	-2
2	2016	320	507	-37	293	401	-27
2	2023	340	407	-16	302	312	-3
3	2017	290	378	-23	197	303	-35
3	2023	300	412	-27	202	329	-39
4	2017	330	289	14	183	270	-32
4	2023	350	299	17	196	275	-29

Comparison of parameters of the SP’s total live biomass

Live biomass of forest stands of the Feofania Park. Data up to 2013 adapted from the IEE sources (Bilous et al. 2017).

Table 5.

The total live biomass of forest stands of the Feofania Park, 1958–2023

Year	Area, ha	Live biomass of the forest, thousands of tons							Total live biomass, thousands of tons	Live biomass density, t-ha^-1
Year	Area, ha	stem over bark	bark	branches	leaves	roots	green forest floor	understory and under growth	Total live biomass, thousands of tons	Live biomass density, t-ha^-1
1958	130.6	13.7	2.1	2.9	0.3	5.4	0.5	0.5	23.3	178
1979	144.7	24.8	3.7	5.1	0.4	9.0	0.6	0.6	40.5	280
1991	136.7	18.5	2.8	3.7	0.3	6.7	0.7	0.5	30.4	222
2000	135.7	19.3	2.8	3.8	0.3	6.5	0.7	0.8	31.4	231
2004	115.5	16.3	2.4	3.1	0.2	5.6	0.6	0.7	26.5	230
2013	107.0	12.5	1.8	2.3	0.2	4.3	0.6	0.6	20.5	191
2016	107.0	13.2	2.0	2.5	0.2	4.6	0.6	0.6	21.6	202
2021	107.0	14.4	2.1	2.7	0.2	4.7	0.6	0.6	23.0	215
2023	107.0	15.5	2.4	3.1	0.2	5.6	0.7	0.7	25.8	241

1 Source: developed by the authors, data up to 2013 (inclusive), adapted from the IEE sources (Bilous et al. 2017)

The carbon storage in the live biomass of forest stands in the Feofania Park, 1958–2023.Data up to 2013 adapted from the IEE sources (Bilous et al. 2017).

Table 6.

The carbon storage in live biomass components. Data up to 2013 adapted from the IEE sources (Bilous et al. 2017).

Year	Area, ha	Carbon storage in live biomass components, GgC							Total carbon storage, GgC	Carbon density, MgC·ha^-1
Year	Area, ha	stem over bark	bark	branches	leaves	roots	green forest floor	understory and undergrowth	Total carbon storage, GgC	Carbon density, MgC·ha^-1
1958	130.6	6.8	1.0	1.4	0.1	2.7	0.2	0.2	11.6	89
1979	144.7	12.4	1.9	2.5	0.2	4.5	0.3	0.3	20.2	140
1991	136.7	9.2	1.4	1.8	0.1	3.4	0.3	0.3	15.1	111
2000	135.7	9.6	1.4	1.9	0.1	3.2	0.3	0.4	15.6	115
2004	115.5	8.2	1.2	1.6	0.1	2.8	0.3	0.3	13.2	115
2013	107.0	6.3	0.9	1.2	0.1	2.1	0.3	0.3	10.2	95
2016	107.0	6.6	1.0	1.3	0.1	2.3	0.3	0.3	10.8	101
2021	107.0	7.2	1.1	1.4	0.1	2.3	0.3	0.3	11.6	108
2023	107.0	7.8	1.2	1.6	0.1	2.8	0.4	0.4	13.0	122

Oxygen production of forest stands in the Feofania Park, 1958–2023. Data up to 2013 adapted from the IEE sources (Bilous et al. 2017).

Energy stored in forest biomass in the Feofania Park, 1958–2023 Data up to 2013 adapted from the IEE sources (Bilous et al. 2017).

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2026-0009 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5907 | Journal ISSN: 0071-6677

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Language: English

Page range: 109 - 121

Submitted on: Mar 29, 2025

Accepted on: Mar 2, 2026

Published on: Jun 25, 2026

Published by: Forest Research Institute

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

snags,

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© 2026 Andrii Bilous, Roman Feshchenko, Yaroslav Kovbasa, Svitlana Bilous, Anatolii Makarevych, Olena Naumovska, Raisa Matiashuk, published by Forest Research Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 68 (2026): Issue 2 (June 2026)

Validation of a biomass based model for assessing forest ecosystem services: a case study of Feofania Park

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Table 2.

Figure 1.

Table 3.

Figure 2.

Table 4.

Figure 3

Figure 4.

Table 5.

Figure 5.

Table 6.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

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