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The first report of Quercus brantii dieback caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis in Zagros forests, Iran Cover

The first report of Quercus brantii dieback caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis in Zagros forests, Iran

Open Access
|Dec 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Symptoms associated with bacterial wilt of Quercus brantii in Zagros forests A Wilting of an affected tree, B bleeding symptoms from cracks with dark exudates and C discoloration of the vascular tissue of a wilted tree.
Symptoms associated with bacterial wilt of Quercus brantii in Zagros forests A Wilting of an affected tree, B bleeding symptoms from cracks with dark exudates and C discoloration of the vascular tissue of a wilted tree.

Figure 2.

Agarose gel electrophoresis of the 16S rDNA PCR fragment amplified by PCR using 16F27 and 16R1525 as reverse and forward universal primers, respectively (HAUBEN et al. 1998), from the genomic DNA of all isolated bacteria. M: DNA ladder; Lane 1–8: Different bacterial isolates from infected Quercus brantii tree (Q1–Q8)
Agarose gel electrophoresis of the 16S rDNA PCR fragment amplified by PCR using 16F27 and 16R1525 as reverse and forward universal primers, respectively (HAUBEN et al. 1998), from the genomic DNA of all isolated bacteria. M: DNA ladder; Lane 1–8: Different bacterial isolates from infected Quercus brantii tree (Q1–Q8)

Figure 3.

Maximum parsimony tree showing the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic relationships of isolate Q1 and reference bacteria. Bootstrap values based on 1000 resamplings are shown at branch nodes. Bacillus spp. (Bac sp.) was used as an outgroup. Numbers in the brackets indicate the ratio of annotated species to the total species in each clade. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA Ver. 10
Maximum parsimony tree showing the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic relationships of isolate Q1 and reference bacteria. Bootstrap values based on 1000 resamplings are shown at branch nodes. Bacillus spp. (Bac sp.) was used as an outgroup. Numbers in the brackets indicate the ratio of annotated species to the total species in each clade. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA Ver. 10

Figure 4.

Pathogenicity tests on 1-year-old oak seedling after 40 days. A – inoculated with distilled water. Symptoms of inoculated seedlings with bacterial suspension of isolate Q1 (108 CFU/ml): B – willting of leaf and C – necrotic lesions on stem
Pathogenicity tests on 1-year-old oak seedling after 40 days. A – inoculated with distilled water. Symptoms of inoculated seedlings with bacterial suspension of isolate Q1 (108 CFU/ml): B – willting of leaf and C – necrotic lesions on stem

Biochemical and phenotypic characterization test of bacterial genera isolated from bark panel of infected Quercus brantii trees in Zagros forests (Q1–Q8) and other species of E_ cloacae complex; A – E_ nimipressuralis (Hoffmann et al_ 2005), B – E_ nimipressuralis (Kulbanska et al_ 2021, 2022), C – E_ cloacae (Hoffmann et al_ 2005), D – E_ cloacae (Garcia-Gonzalez et al_ 2018), E – E_ hormaechei subsp_ hormaechei (Hoffmann et al_ 2005), F – E_ asburiae (Hoffmann et al_ 2005)

CharacteristicsBacterial isolatesE. cloacae complex
Q1Q2Q3Q4Q5Q6Q7Q8ABCDEF
Gram test++
Oxidase production+++
Aesculin hydrolysis+++++++++
Gelatin hydrolysis
HR on tobacco+++
Lecithinase++++
Fluorescent pigment on KB medium
Green metallic pigment on EMB medium+++
Yellow pigment on YDC
Catalase production++++++++++++
Anaerobe growth+++++++++
Utilization of manitol+++ ++++
Utilization of lactose++++ +
Utilization of sorbitol++++
Utilization of glucose+++ ++++
Utilization of sucrose+++++
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2024-0030 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5907 | Journal ISSN: 0071-6677
Language: English
Page range: 394 - 402
Submitted on: Sep 9, 2023
Accepted on: Apr 12, 2024
Published on: Dec 11, 2024
Published by: Forest Research Institute
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2024 Roghayeh Zolfaghari, Payam Fayyaz, Forough Dalvand, Rasool Rezaei, published by Forest Research Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.