Variability of secondary metabolism and morphogenesis of Ligustrum vulgare L. under different growing conditions in an urban environment

Derii, Andrii; Pinchuk, Andrii; Babyn, Oleksandr; Sovakov, Oleksandr; Likhanov, Artur

doi:10.2478/ffp-2024-0024

Figures & Tables

Map of location of studied Ligustrum vulgare L. in green areas of Kyiv

Examples of the use of Ligustrum vulgare L. in the green areas of Kyiv: A – living fence with Ligustrum vulgare L. on the territory of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine; B – Ligustrum vulgare L. free-growing plant, Teremkivska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine; C – composition on Akademika Hlushkova Avenue, Kyiv, Ukraine with a combination of Ligustrum vulgare L. and Forsythia europaea Degen & Bald

Formation of shoots of Ligustrum vulgare L. in normal condition (A) and after cutting (B). Note: The arrow indicates the cut stem; scale bar – 30 mm

Dependencies of the length of internodes on the order of their location on a single growth cycle of the shoots under different growing conditions of Ligustrum vulgare L.

Autofluorescence of tissues of stems of Ligustrum vulgare L., which were not exposed (A–J) and were subjected to shearing (K–S): A–C – 9 internodes, D–F – 5 internodes; K–M – 5 internodes, N–P – 2 internodes; G–J and Q–S – 5 internodes after treating tissues with a NP reagent; ruler – 50 µm

Chromatogram of bark and periderm extracts of annual shoots of Ligustrum vulgare L.: 1 – Akademika Zabolotnoho Street; 2 – Heavenly Hundred Square, Akademika Zabolotnoho Street; 3 – Akademika Hlushkova Avenue; 4 – Teremkivska Street; 5 – Tadeia Rylskoho Boulevard; 6 – Henerala Rodymtseva Street; 7 – Vasylkivska Street; 8 – Akademika Hlushkova Avenue; 9 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 10 – Holosiivskyi Prospekt; 11 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 12 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 13 – Heroiv Oborony Street; 14 – Kyrponosa Street; 15 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 16 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 17 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 18 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; St – rutin (Rf ~ 0.48), chlorogenic acid (Rf ~ 0.62)

Cluster (A) and PCA (B) analysis taking into account urban conditions, the morphometry of shoots, and the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds in the tissues of shoots of Ligustrum vulgare L. Note: L1...14 – distribution of experimental plants by place of growth in the city of Kyiv, where: 1 – Akademika Zabolotnoho Street; 2 – Heavenly Hundred Square, Akademika Zabolotnoho Street; 3 – Akademika Hlushkova Avenue; 4 – Teremkivska Street; 5 – Tadeia Rylskoho Boulevard; 6 – Henerala Rodymtseva Street; 7 – Vasylkivska Street; 8 – Akademika Hlushkova Avenue; 9 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 10 – Holosiivskyi Prospekt; 11 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 12 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 13 – Heroiv Oborony Street; 14 – Kyrponosa Street; 15 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 16 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 17 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01; 18 – Expo Center of Ukraine, M01. Age – the age of the plant at the time of the study; Plant condition are clipped and unclipped plants; GMC – Gauss model coefficient; CLE is the coefficient of the linear equation (the ratio of the length to the thickness of the internodes).

Curve dependence in the Gaussian model on the values of the coefficients x0 and b

j_ffp-2024-0024_tab_003

	Coefficient	Standards Error	t	P
1	2	3	4	5
Akademika Zabolotnoho Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
a	35.351	1.1930	29.6317	<0.0001
b	2.9083	0.1364	21.3233	<0.0001
x0	5.1541	0.1152	44.7230	<0.0001
Heavenly Hundred Square. Akademika Zabolotnoho Street. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	34.6465	1.5078	22.9778	<0.0001
b	2.4045	0.1365	17.6144	<0.0001
x0	5.2986	0.1215	43.6186	<0.0001
Akademika Hlushkova Avenue. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	37.2528	0.9459	39.3817	<0.0001
b	1.7260	0.0545	31.6535	<0.0001
x0	3.7563	0.0506	74.2725	<0.0001
Teremkivska Street. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	30.7231	2.1592	14.2289	0.0001
b	2.1289	0.2146	9.9227	0.0006
x0	4.0875	0.1754	23.3006	<0.0001
Tadeia Rylskoho Boulevard. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	40.6227	1.9715	20.6055	<0.0001
b	3.0506	0.1833	16.6463	<0.0001
x0	6.1805	0.1715	36.033	<0.0001
Henerala Rodymtseva Street. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	38.7128	1.4312	27.0493	<0.0001
b	4.1766	0.1984	21.0506	<0.0001
x0	8.8261	0.1788	49.3689	<0.0001
Vasylkivska Street. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	43.7234	1.9391	22.5478	<0.0001
b	1.9210	0.1052	18.267	<0.0001
x0	4.1619	0.0984	42.3137	<0.0001
Akademika Hlushkova Avenue. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	40.2798	0.9382	42.9345	<0.0001
b	1.9957	0.0579	34.4500	<0.0001
x0	4.5229	0.0536	84.4422	<0.0001
Expo Center of Ukraine. M01. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	39.9353	1.7313	23.0661	<0.0001
b	2.1887	0.1265	17.3060	<0.0001
x0	4.8919	0.1109	44.1112	<0.0001
Holosiivskyi Prospekt. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	28.7947	1.4152	20.3467	<0.0001
b	2.0946	0.1332	15.7255	<0.0001
x0	4.8765	0.1196	40.7621	<0.0001
Expo Center of Ukraine. M01. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	29.302	2.7286	10.7388	0.0001
b	2.5388	0.3559	7.1337	0.0008
x0	4.1886	0.2826	14.8195	<0.0001
Expo Center of Ukraine. M01. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	47.1108	1.6717	28.1816	<0.0001
b	1.8116	0.0774	23.4082	<0.0001
x0	4.7655	0.0741	64.3411	<0.0001
Heroiv Oborony Street. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	29.8237	0.7349	40.5808	<0.0001
b	2.2400	0.0913	24.5212	<0.0001
x0	4.9506	0.0758	65.3288	<0.0001
Kyrponosa Street. Kyiv. Ukraine
a	52.3945	1.8764	27.9227	<0.0001
b	2.9757	0.1550	19.1982	<0.0001
x0	6.3023	0.1297	48.6104	<0.0001

Location coordinates and origin of the initial planting material of Ligustrum vulgare L_ in the city of Kyiv, Ukraine

No.	Coordinates	The origin of the original planting material	Code	Location
1	2	3	4	5
1	50°21′55.0″N 30°27′52.0″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.1	Akademika Zabolotnoho Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
2	50°22′04.4″N 30°27′39.1″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.2	Heavenly Hundred Square, Akademika Zabolotnoho Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
3	50°22′12.4″N 30°27′27.3″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.3	Akademika Hlushkova Avenue, Kyiv, Ukraine
4	50°22′13.9″N 30°27′16.4″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.4	Teremkivska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
5	50°22′27.4″N 30°27′04.2″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.5	Tadeia Rylskoho Boulevard, Kyiv, Ukraine
6	50°22′36.2″N 30°30′21.1″E	Nursery Department of Forest Reproduction and Forest Reclamation, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine	L.v.6	Henerala Rodymtseva Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
7	50°22′54.3″N 30°28′40.8″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.7	Vasylkivska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
8	50°22′51.1″N 30°28′37.5″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.8	Akademika Hlushkova Avenue, Kyiv, Ukraine
9	50°22′51.3″N 30°28′50.9″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.9	Expo Center of Ukraine, M01, Kyiv, Ukraine
10	50°22′57.1″N 30°28′54.3″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.10	Holosiivskyi Prospekt, Kyiv, Ukraine
11	50°22′43.6″N 30°28′55.6″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.11	Expo Center of Ukraine, M01, Kyiv, Ukraine
12	50°22′37.2″N 30°28′42.1″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.12	Expo Center of Ukraine, M01, Kyiv, Ukraine
13	50°23′01.0″N 30°29′48.2″E	National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine	L.v.13	Heroiv Oborony Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
14	50°27′46.3″N 30°24′40.0″E	Municipal enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces of the Shevchenkivskyi district of Kyiv	L.v.14	Kyrponosa Street, Kyiv, Ukraine

Characteristics of growing conditions

No.	Code	Age of plants, years	Plant condition	Lighting at the place of growth	Distance from highways, m
1	L.v.1	3	untrimmed	full sun	5–10
2	L.v.2	8	trimmed	full sun	1–2
3	L.v.3	6	trimmed	full sun	5–10
4	L.v.4	4	untrimmed	shade	45
5	L.v.5	4	untrimmed	full sun	2–3
6	L.v.6	15	untrimmed	shade	500
7	L.v.7	8	trimmed	full sun	25
8	L.v.8	12	trimmed	full sun	1–2
9	L.v.9	8	trimmed	partial shade	150
10	L.v.10	9	trimmed	partial shade	1–40
11	L.v.11	7	trimmed	partial shade	450
12	L.v.12	13	trimmed	partial shade	400
13	L.v.13	5	trimmed	partial shade	25–30
14	L.v.14	7	trimmed	full sun	1

Variability of secondary metabolism and morphogenesis of Ligustrum vulgare L. under different growing conditions in an urban environment

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

j_ffp-2024-0024_tab_003

Location coordinates and origin of the initial planting material of Ligustrum vulgare L_ in the city of Kyiv, Ukraine

Characteristics of growing conditions

Paradigm

My account