Figure 1.
The analysed part (pink colour) of the spruce mountain Carpathian forests district (Google Maps 2024, Golubets 1978)
Table 1.
Distribution of areas covered with forest vegetation by tree species
| Tree species | The area as of 1952, ha | Area share, % | The area as of 2021, ha | Area share, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) | – | – | 1.1 | – |
| European spruce (Picea abies) | 33,682.0 | 81.7 | 26,372.4 | 74.6 |
| Silver fir (Abies alba) | 395.0 | 1.0 | 61.9 | 0.2 |
| European larch (Larix decidua) | 3.0 | 20.2 | 0.1 | |
| European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) | 7146.0 | 17.3 | 8547.9 | 24.2 |
| Carpathian walnut (Juglans regia L.) | 3.0 | – | – | – |
| Common oak (Quercus robur L.) | 1.0 | – | 2.5 | – |
| Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) | – | – | 13.7 | – |
| European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) | – | – | 247.4 | 0.7 |
| European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) | – | – | 5.4 | – |
| Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) | – | – | 23.3 | 0.1 |
| Scots elm (Ulmus glabra) | – | – | 0.7 | – |
| Eurasian aspen (Populus tremula) | – | – | 4.2 | – |
| Grey alder (Alnus incana) | – | – | 45.2 | 0.1 |
| Small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) | – | – | 7.3 | – |
| Crack willow (Salix fragilis) | – | – | 0.8 | – |
| Swiss pine (Pinus cembra) | – | – | 0.5 | – |
| Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) | – | – | 3.7 | – |
| In total | 41,230.0 | 100.0 | 35,358.2 | 100.0 |
Table 2.
A fragment of the research yield table for spruce stands of the site index class I
| Age | Height, m | The sum of cross-sectional areas, m2/ha | Volume, m3/ha |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 6.5 | 26.2 | 101 |
| 40 | 20.0 | 34.3 | 359 |
| 60 | 30.0 | 45.5 | 661 |
| 80 | 35.0 | 57.6 | 944 |
| 100 | 38.0 | 61.9 | 1062 |
| 120 | 39.5 | 65.8 | 1168 |
| 140 | 40.5 | 66.9 | 1211 |
Table 3.
Average management indices of forest stands of ‘Rakhiv Forestry Enterprise’ based on the materials of 1951–1952
| The dominant tree species in the stand | Average indicators | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | Site index, class | Completeness | Volume, m3/ha | Average volume change, m3/ha | |
| Special forestry unit | |||||
| European spruce | 57 | Ia, 4 | 0.76 | 363 | 6.2 |
| Silver fir | 103 | Ia, 2 | 0.69 | 610 | 6.2 |
| European beech | 107 | I, 8 | 0.69 | 218 | 2.6 |
| The production part along the railway tracks | |||||
| European spruce | 27 | I, 0 | 0.81 | 123 | 4.5 |
| European beech | 84 | I, 9 | 0.66 | 246 | 3.4 |
| Protective grazing forests | |||||
| European spruce | 133 | II, 0 | 0.64 | 489 | 3.7 |
| Silver fir | 111 | I, 7 | 0.73 | 492 | 4.8 |
| European beech | 138 | II, 5 | 0.6 | 264 | 1.9 |
| Green forestry unit | |||||
| European spruce | 87 | I, 1 | 0.71 | 281 | 5.7 |
| Silver fir | 70 | Ia, 7 | 0.66 | 427 | 6.1 |
| European larch | 130 | Ia, 0 | 0.6 | 640 | 4.9 |
| European beech | 50 | I, 8 | 0.68 | 134 | 2.9 |
| On average per enterprise | |||||
| European spruce | 68 | Ia, 7 | 0.75 | 377 | 5.8 |
| Silver fir | 90 | Ia, 7 | 0.68 | 502 | 5.9 |
| European larch | 130 | Ia, 0 | 0.6 | 640 | 4.9 |
| European beech | 102 | I, 9 | 0.61 | 152 | 2.5 |
Table 4.
Average management indices of forest stands of ‘Rakhiv Experimental Forestry’ as of 1 January 2021
| The dominant tree species in the stand | Age, years | Site index class | Relative completeness | Volume per 1 ha, m3 | The average change in volume per 1 ha of areas covered with forest vegetation, m3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Areas covered with forest vegetation | Mature and overmature stands | |||||
| European spruce | 70 | 1b.9 | 0.71 | 433 | 459 | 6.2 |
| Silver fir | 126 | 1a.2 | 0.63 | 501 | 559 | 4.0 |
| European larch | 78 | 1b.3 | 0.54 | 287 | 518 | 3.7 |
| European beech | 111 | 1.2 | 0.63 | 307 | 325 | 2.8 |
| European hornbeam | 36 | 2.8 | 0.66 | 80 | 153 | 2,2 |
| Grey alder | 32 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 97 | 167 | 3.0 |
| Douglas fir | 110 | 1b.0 | 0.38 | 424 | 424 | 3.8 |
| In total | 80 | 1a.2 | 0,69 | 399 | 416 | 5.0 |
Figure 2.
Average growing stock volumes of stands of the main tree species
Figure 3.
Average change in growing stock volume per 1 ha of the main tree species, m3