Table 1:
Demographic indices of carcinoma lung patients and their correlation with survival.
| Demographic Indices | No. of patients | Percentage (%) | Mean OS (months) | Median OS (months) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Females | 61 | 16.22 | 5.3 | 3 (1–6) | 0.661 |
| Males | 315 | 83.78 | 4.8 | 3 (1–7) | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| ≤60 | 202 | 53.72 | 5.5 (0.4–84) | 3 | 0.588 |
| >60 | 174 | 46.28 | 4.1 (0.3–22) | 2 | |
| Residential status | |||||
| Rural | 299 | 79.52 | 5.1 | 3 (1–7) | 0.158 |
| Urban | 77 | 20.48 | 4 | 3 (0.55–5) | |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Nonsmokers | 48 | 13.03 | 4.62 | 3.3 (1–9.25) | 0.318 |
| Smokers | 320 | 85.90 | 6.37 | 2 (1–7.5) | |
| Ex-smokers | 8 | 1.06 | 5 | 3 (1–6.75) | |
| ECOG PS | |||||
| 0, 1 | 5 | 1.3 | 6.5 | 7 | <0.001 |
| 2 | 144 | 38.3 | 6.9 | 4.5 | |
| 3 | 181 | 48.1 | 3.9 | 2 | |
| 4 | 46 | 12.2 | 1.5 | 0.8 | |
| Stage-wise analysis | |||||
| Non-small cell carcinoma | |||||
| Stage II | 6 | 1.60 | 11.5 | 9 | 0.01 |
| Stage III | 131 | 34.84 | 6.3 | 4 | |
| Stage IV | 180 | 47.87 | 3.8 | 3 | |
| Small cell carcinoma | |||||
| Stage III | 25 | 6.65 | 4.8 | 3 | |
| Stage IV | 31 | 8.24 | 4.57 | 2 | |
| SVC syndrome | |||||
| Any stage | 3 | 0.80 | 0.8 | 1 | |
| Type of malignancy | |||||
| Small cell carcinoma | 56 | 14.89 | 4.5 | 2 | 0.413 |
| Non-small cell carcinoma | 317 | 84.31 | 5 | 3 | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 156 | 41.49 | 4.3 | 3 | |
| Adenocarcinoma | 117 | 31.12 | 7.1 | 5 | |
| Adenosquamous carcinoma | 1 | 0.27 | 44.0 | 44 | |
| Large cell carcinoma | 7 | 1.86 | 7.3 | 7 | |
| Unspecified | 31 | 8.24 | 2.6 | 1 | |
| Others | 5 | 1.33 | 8.1 | 6 | |
| SVC syndrome | 3 | 0.80 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
Table 2:
Gender, survival, and histopathologic variation among smokers versus nonsmokers.
| No of patients | Males/females | Mean survival | Mean smoking index | SmC | AC | SCC | Adenosquamous | LCC | Unspecified | Others | SVC syndrome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smokers | 320 | 303/17 | 4.62 | 724.57 | 49 | 86 | 143 | 1 | 6 | 28 | 4 | 3 |
| Nonsmokers | 48 | 5/43 | 6.37 | - | 6 | 30 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Ex-smokers | 8 | 7/1 | 5 | 558.8 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Figure 1:
Percentage-wise distribution of types of carcinoma lung cases from 2015 to 2020 at Regional Cancer Center, Rohtak (Haryana), India.
Figure 2:
Stage-wise distribution of patients of carcinoma lung at Regional Cancer Center from 2015 to 2020.
Figure 3:
Kaplan–Meier survival curve depicting comparison of overall survival of carcinoma lung patients at Regional Cancer Center from 2015 to 2020.
Table 3:
Lung cancer demographics and survival outcome reported among various studies in India.
| Region/state (year of publication) | Number of patients | Male: female | Mean/median age | Smokers’ percentage | Histology (most common) | Median OS (months) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mohan et al (8) | Delhi (2019) | 1862 | 4.86:1 | 58 | 76.2 | Adenocarcinoma (34%) | 8.8 |
| Krishnamurthy et al (16) | Tamil Nadu (2012) | 258 | 3.5:1 | 56 | 60.5 | Adenocarcinoma (42.6%) | Not analyzed |
| Kaur et al (7) | Chandigarh (2017) | 1301 | 4.6:1 | 58.6 | 76.9 | Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (34.6%) | Not analyzed |
| Sheikh et al (17) | Kashmir (2010) | 783 | 6.98:1 | 57.8 | 68.1 | Squamous cell carcinoma (71.3%) | Not analyzed |
| Mandal et al (6) | Manipur (2013) | 466 | 1.09:1 | 58.5 | 73 | Squamous cell carcinoma (49.1%) | Not analyzed |
| Rajappa et al (18) | Hyderabad (2008) | 194 | 4:1 | 58 10.69 | 65 | Not analyzed (studied only NSCLC) | 7 (2–72) |
| Gupta et al (19) | Jammu and Kashmir (2015) | 170 | 6.5:1 | 55.94 | 79.4 | Squamous cell carcinoma (45.3%) and adenocarcinoma (35.3%) | Not analyzed |
| Murali et al (9) | Tamil Nadu | 678 | 3.19 | 58 | 53.4 | Adenocarcinoma (51.1%) | 7.6 (NSCLC) and 7.2 (SCLC) |
| Dey et al (5) | Eastern India (2012) | 607 | 4.14:1 | 56.55 | 73.2 | Squamous cell carcinoma (35.1%) | Not analyzed |
| Garg et al (12) | North India (2021) | 537 | 3.59:1 | 60 | 66.5 | Adenocarcinoma (51.2%) Only NSCLC analyzed | 11.7 (95% CI: 5.5–29.9 months) |
| Vasudevan et al (20) | North India (2022) | 724 | 3:1 | 60 | 59.1 | Adenocarcinoma (56.6%) | 11.9 months |
| Darling et al (21) | Delhi (2020) | 136 | 2.48:1 | 60 | 65.4 | Adenocarcinoma (44.9%) | Not analyzed |
| Ramani et al (22) | Bangalore (2020) | 1246 | 2.95:1 | 61 | Not reported | Adenocarcinoma (70.4%) | Not analyzed |
| Bhatti et al (23) | North India (2020) | 199 | 2.8:1 | 60.9 ± 11 years | Not reported | Squamous cell carcinoma (37.7%), followed by adenocarcinoma (26.1%) | Not analyzed |
| Chordia et al (24) | Jalgaon, Maharashtra (2019) | 86 | 6.16:1 | 56 (Median) | 63.95 | Adenocarcinoma (56.97%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (25.58%) | Not analyzed |
| Thakkar et al (25) | Gujarat (2019) | 50 | 9:1 | 59.92 | 92 | Adenocarcinoma 36% followed by squamous cell carcinoma (32%) | Not analyzed |
| Present study | Haryana | 376 | 5.2:1 | 59.52 | 85.9 | Squamous cell carcinoma (41.5%) | 4.6 months |