X-Ray Diffraction Measurements for Inconel 718 Alloy Elements Created by Incremental Methods

Elżbieta Gadalińska; Paweł Żuk; Michał Bujak

doi:10.2478/fas-2023-0005

$X-Ray Diffraction Measurements for Inconel 718 Alloy Elements Created by Incremental Methods Cover$

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X-Ray Diffraction Measurements for Inconel 718 Alloy Elements Created by Incremental Methods

Fatigue of Aircraft Structures

Volume 2023 (2023): Issue 15 (December 2023)

By: Elżbieta Gadalińska , Paweł Żuk and Michał Bujak

Open Access

|Jun 2024

Figures & Tables

Specimens used in the X-ray diffraction phase analyses.

Specimens used in the X-ray stress measurements.

Diffractogram obtained for the cubic specimen (g in the Figure 1). The individual reflections of the dominant phase were described by the Miller coefficients hkl.

Diffractogram obtained for wall type specimen (geometry like a–c in Figure 2) cut off from the platform. The individual reflections of the dominant phase were described by the Miller coefficients hkl.

Table 1.

Rietveld phase analysis results.

phase percentage [%]	ICDD card number	crystallographic structure	lattice parameter [Å]
Fe_0.5Ni_0.5	04-021-6318	cubic, Fm-3m, 225	a₀ = 3.59458
89.1%
Nb_0.1Ni_0.9	04-004-4494	cubic, Fm-3m, 225	a₀ = 3.803844
3.5%
NbNi₃	04-012-8012	tetragonal, I4/mmm, 139	a₀ = 3.566829,
3.3%			c₀ = 7.39813
NbNi₃	03-065-2589	orthorhombic, Pmmn, 59	a₀ = 4.308615,
2.6%			b₀ = 5.165817,
			c₀ = 4.573394
Ni₃Ti	01-075-0878	hexagonal, P63/mmc, 194	a₀ = 5.1114773,
0.6%			c₀ = 8.313766
Ti_0.33Ni_0.67	04-007-1996	rombohedral, R-3m, 166	a₀ = 2.550052,
0.4%			c₀ = 43.62515
Cr₂Nb	04-004-6470	cubic, Fd-3m, 227	a₀ = 6.989395
0.5%

Wall-shaped specimen with location of measuring points for preliminary measurements before and after being cut off from the printing platform.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for wall-shaped specimen before being cut off the built platform.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for wall-shaped specimen after being cut off the built platform.

Comparison of results before and after being cut off from the platform – measurements performed in longitudinal direction.

Comparison of results before and after being cut off from the platform – measurements performed in transverse direction.

Table 2.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for the wall-shaped specimen.

before cut					after cut
point no. ↓	longitudinal		transverse		longitudinal		transverse
point no. ↓	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]
1	7.1	25.1	-	-	-13.6	90.4	-332.7	48.7
2	-6.3	16	100.5	31.4	187.9	23.3	46.5	30.2
3	-55.6	27.5	132.6	16.3	136.1	21.2	-22.1	42.7
4	1.9	22.5	-	-	96.5	19	-16.9	36.6
5	-53.1	14.9	-	-	110.3	35	-4.2	29.7
6	-34.6	14.2	95.1	29.8	110.8	23.5	-29.2	24.4
7	13.6	15.5	-	-	184.5	112.2	298.1	115.6
8	-55	20.1	107.4	79.5	139.4	29.6	49.7	33.6
9	-11.1	26.7	160.8	58.6	168.1	154.5	102.6	21.5

Specimen WALL M1, showing the location of measuring points on both sides.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for specimen WALL M1.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for specimen WALL M2.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for specimen WALL M3.

Table 3.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for wall-shaped specimens.

	WALL M1				WALL M2				WALL M3
point no. ↓	longitudinal		transverse		longitudinal		transverse		longitudinal		transverse
point no. ↓	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]
1	277.2	170.3	275.2	97.9	267.7	166.4	399.9	110.8	194.2	171.1	325.3	158.6
2	289.4	153.2	253.1	104.8	440.9	180.3	304.3	94.9	285	198	333.7	173.7
3	271.6	172	259.4	90.6	461.4	200.7	320.7	123.5	247.6	180.8	293.1	189
4	231.7	296.5	345.5	163.1	249	196.9	387.8	166.3	229.2	165.3	346.6	172.9
5	252.5	303.3	579	190	451.1	165.2	432.9	152.6	-42.7	28.8	319	186.9
6	235.4	174.6	314.6	168.3	254.4	205.4	347.4	166.6	-45.4	12.8	385.7	129.7
7	213.8	288	318.6	198.4	493.5	198.8	532.3	157	210.9	161.9	309.4	114.8
8	295.6	290.8	364.5	180.3	246.4	186	415.2	167.5	-6.8	32.1	232.6	84.7
9	221.9	116.8	337	201.7	479.2	180	403.5	159.7	-56.8	18.4	276.8	127
10	279.9	173.9	358.4	172.2	277.8	204.6	367.7	190	99.6	40.9	381.1	177.6
11	230.3	130.3	406.6	192	206	177.1	367.3	198.9	22.6	34.6	403.2	161
12	221.9	199.3	420.7	89.2	284.4	174.4	306.3	172.7	190.7	81.1	371.9	62

Specimen CANONICAL 1, showing the location of measuring points on all sides.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for specimen CANONICAL 1.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for specimen CANONICAL 2.

Table 4.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for canonical shaped specimens.

point no. ↓	CANONICAL 1				CANONICAL 2
	axial		circumferential		Axial		circumferential
	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]
1	351.6	190.6	36.6	108.3	335.7	175.7	121.1	173.8
2	314.8	173.4	98.9	130.8	457.6	143.9	65.4	62.8
3	188.4	85.5	38	118.5	108.5	138.2	52.1	55.1
4	304.2	166.4	-7.7	130	513.9	171.1	51.1	72.1
5	316.1	191.4	115.9	145.8	306.5	182.6	113.2	144.2
6	-70.2	97.6	21.2	66.7	199.7	61.3	62.6	105.5
7	373.8	166.2	61.7	76.2	372.9	174.1	43.8	82
8	93.6	130.4	102.1	97.3	292.1	41.2	72.2	127.8
9	347.8	182	49.3	106.8	208.5	52.5	51.7	92.6
10	-78.8	71.6	50.8	99.5	363.4	157.1	89.4	106.4
11	383.9	191.4	174.1	148.1	378.5	197.9	138.7	118.7

Speciment ARC SMALL 1, showing the location of measuring points on both sides.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for specimen ARC SMALL 1.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for specimen ARC SMALL 2.

Table 5.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for ARC SMALL specimens.

point no. ↓	ARC SMALL 1				ARC SMALL 2
	axial		circumferential		axial		circumferential
	σ [MPa]	Δσ [Mpa]	σ [Mpa]	Δσ [Mpa]	σ [Mpa]	Δσ [Mpa]	σ [Mpa]	Δσ [Mpa]
1	417.9	214.7	49.3	107.2	355.6	173.9	44.9	160.6
2	372.3	187.4	78.1	94.8	317.3	158.3	39.7	132
3	307.7	194.9	220.9	94.6	319.8	164.5	346.5	185.1
4	425.3	195.1	196.7	90	424.7	175.3	286.3	129.1
5	359.6	26.5	130	74.9	225.7	60.6	178	110.9

Specimen ARC BIG 1, showing the location of measuring points on both sides.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for specimen ARC BIG 1.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for specimen ARC BIG 2.

Table 6.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for the two ARC BIG specimens. The measurements for points 9–11 and 15–17 for both directions, and for points 12–14 in the circumferential direction, could not be performed due to geometrical issues.

	ARC BIG 1				ARC BIG 2
point no. ↓	axial		circumferential		axial		circumferential
point no. ↓	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]
1	341.8	161.7	220.1	162.2	352.7	156.8	186.2	160.4
2	313.1	194.9	227.7	152.6	366.5	171.9	249.6	192
3	342.2	189.4	224.4	179.5	340.3	87.2	-13.9	65.1
4	331.9	170	113.9	106	386.8	111.9	-24	116.9
5	355.8	169.5	56.9	118.3	313.7	151.1	18.5	126
6	403.3	180.3	45.3	60.4	379.9	175.6	209	183.2
7	412.1	171.2	98.7	137.1	392.7	183.7	46.5	60.5
8	341.3	132.8	10.7	52.4	226	112.4	198.9	84.6
12	599.2	128.1	-	-	712.9	104.4	-	-
13	485.1	81.4	-	-	450.1	61.3	-	-
14	297.7	59.6	-	-	191.6	28	-	-

Specimen BLADE 2, showing the location of measuring points.

Table 7.

Results of X-ray diffraction stress measurements for specimen BLADE 2.

point no. ↓	axial		circumferential
point no. ↓	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]	σ [MPa]	Δσ [MPa]
1	591	80.1	163.6	160
2	518.7	196.3	209.6	180.2
3	405.4	266.3	158.6	126.2
4	305.5	143.7	132.1	106.8
5	426.4	43.7	270.1	129.9
6	389.8	74.8	176.5	78.7
7	485.4	176.7	236	150.5
8	495	185.7	61.5	34.9
9	21	47.5	219.7	184.7
10	107.8	29.1	219.9	165.2
11	147.4	17.2	282.6	150.7
12	244.3	36.6	218.4	142.8

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fas-2023-0005 | Journal eISSN: 2300-7591 | Journal ISSN: 2081-7738

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Language: English

Page range: 58 - 89

Published on: Jun 18, 2024

Published by: ŁUKASIEWICZ RESEARCH NETWORK – INSTITUTE OF AVIATION

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

diffraction,

stress,

additive manufacturing,

DMLM,

Inconel 718

Related subjects:

Engineering,

Introductions and overviews,

Engineering, other

© 2024 Elżbieta Gadalińska, Paweł Żuk, Michał Bujak, published by ŁUKASIEWICZ RESEARCH NETWORK – INSTITUTE OF AVIATION
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 2023 (2023): Issue 15 (December 2023)

X-Ray Diffraction Measurements for Inconel 718 Alloy Elements Created by Incremental Methods

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Table 1.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Table 2.

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

Figure 13.

Table 3.

Figure 14.

Figure 15.

Figure 16.

Table 4.

Figure 17.

Figure 18.

Figure 19.

Table 5.

Figure 20.

Figure 21.

Figure 22.

Table 6.

Figure 23.

Figure 24.

Table 7.

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