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Comparative Analysis of the Load Spectra Recorded During Photogrammetric Missions of Lightweight Uavs in Tailless and Conventional Configurations

Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
Volume 2022 (2022): Issue 14 (December 2022)
By:
Open Access
|Nov 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Data of the X-8 flying wing and the planes used by the authors’ team for experiments.
Data of the X-8 flying wing and the planes used by the authors’ team for experiments.

Figure 2.

Technical data of the PW-ZOOM.
Technical data of the PW-ZOOM.

Figure 3.

Schema of load signal processing and derivation of the HC array.
Schema of load signal processing and derivation of the HC array.

Figure 4.

Schema of the incremental load spectrum derivation process.
Schema of the incremental load spectrum derivation process.

Figure 5.

Illustration of the main flight data of the X-8 stored in the file log20151010_125213.
Illustration of the main flight data of the X-8 stored in the file log20151010_125213.

Figure 6.

Results of load signal elaboration of log20151010_125213: the incremental load spectra.
Results of load signal elaboration of log20151010_125213: the incremental load spectra.

Figure 7.

Incremental load spectra of all 10 X-8 flights (dotted lines) and the aggregated LS and LS envelope for the whole flight session.
Incremental load spectra of all 10 X-8 flights (dotted lines) and the aggregated LS and LS envelope for the whole flight session.

Figure 8.

Chart representing the ILS based on the MEAN and STD of n_1hL values, and the ILS for the LS envelope and the LS-weighted envelope.
Chart representing the ILS based on the MEAN and STD of n_1hL values, and the ILS for the LS envelope and the LS-weighted envelope.

Figure 9.

Impact of the increase in the number of flights and the resulting total time on the LS represented by normal and weighted envelopes.
Impact of the increase in the number of flights and the resulting total time on the LS represented by normal and weighted envelopes.

Figure 10.

Comparison between LS envelopes and LS-weighted-envelopes of two UAVs (entire flights case).
Comparison between LS envelopes and LS-weighted-envelopes of two UAVs (entire flights case).

Figure 11.

Comparison between LS envelopes and LS-weighted envelopes of two UAVs (photogrammetry part of flights case only).
Comparison between LS envelopes and LS-weighted envelopes of two UAVs (photogrammetry part of flights case only).

Figure 12.

Comparison of ΔLL values induced by vertical gusts varying from 5m/s up to +5m/s.
Comparison of ΔLL values induced by vertical gusts varying from 5m/s up to +5m/s.

Figure 13.

Movement of the intersection point of the optical axis of the camera with the 0-AGL surface relative to the current GPS position of the aircraft.
Movement of the intersection point of the optical axis of the camera with the 0-AGL surface relative to the current GPS position of the aircraft.

Figure 14.

(a): GPS trajectory of the X-8 flight and the photo-points, (b) the zone of photo-points selected for analysis, (c) chart of distances, (d) chart of distance increments.
(a): GPS trajectory of the X-8 flight and the photo-points, (b) the zone of photo-points selected for analysis, (c) chart of distances, (d) chart of distance increments.

Figure 15.

Estimated fatigue life vs type of UAV for the case of the entire flight or the photogrammetry part only, and vs three different fatigue characteristics of the critical structural element. LS, load spectrum; UAV, unmanned aerial vehicle.
Estimated fatigue life vs type of UAV for the case of the entire flight or the photogrammetry part only, and vs three different fatigue characteristics of the critical structural element. LS, load spectrum; UAV, unmanned aerial vehicle.

LS analysis cases

X-8 load spectra of entire photogrammetry flights (manual control and automatic control – 10 flights, total time: 3.047 h)PW-ZOOM load spectra of entire photogrammetry flights (manual control and automatic control – 10 flights, total time: 12.935 h)

PW-ZOOM load spectra only for the photogrammetric part

(automatic control – the same 10 flights, total time: 10.957 h)

X-8 load spectra only for the photogrammetric part

(automatic control – the same 10 flights, total time: 2.440 h)

PW-ZOOM load spectra of entire photogrammetry flights (manual control and automatic control – 23 flights; total time: 30.072 h)

PW-ZOOM load spectra only for the photogrammetric part

(automatic control – the same 23 flights, total time: 24.961 h)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fas-2022-0009 | Journal eISSN: 2300-7591 | Journal ISSN: 2081-7738
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Language: English
Page range: 114 - 134
Published on: Nov 28, 2023
Published by: Institute of Aviation
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
load spectra,
fatigue life,
unmanned aircraft,
photogrammetry mission
Related subjects:
Engineering,
Introductions and overviews,
Engineering, other

© 2023 Rodzewicz Mirosław, Głowacki Dominik, Hajduk Jaroslaw, published by Institute of Aviation
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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