The effect of digital literacy on student identity and inclusion: insights from the University of Western Macedonia Cover

The effect of digital literacy on student identity and inclusion: insights from the University of Western Macedonia

European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning

Volume 26 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

By:

Panagiotis Mpogiatzidis and Ioanna Pervou

Open Access

|Mar 2024

Figures & Tables

Question 2: Development of digital skills during university studies.

Question 3: Self-satisfaction with digital skills.

Question 7: Familiarisation with the necessary software.

Question 6: Familiarity with cultural digital literacy.

Question 9: Familiarity with critical digital literacy.

Question 15: Evaluation of team educational activities.

Question 16: How COVID-19 disrupted the higher education process.

Question 17: Digital conduct of exams.

COVID-19 and digital literacy

Likert scale	COVID-19 disruption of education (%)	Digital conduct of exams satisfaction (%)	Confidence in digital exams (%)	COVID-19 digital competence (%)	COVID-19 online education (%)
1. Not at all satisfied	4.40	2.20	2.20
2. Little satisfaction	13.30	4.40	2.20
3. Neutral	42.20	33.30	24.40	24.40	15.60
4. Satisfied	28.90	28.90	35.60	26.70	31.10
5. Very satisfied	11.10	31.10	35.60	48.90	53.30

Reliability statistics

Item-Total Statistics
	Scale Mean if Item Deleted	Scale Variance if Item Deleted	Corrected Item-Total Correlation	Squared Multiple Correlation	Cronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted
Q1	74.78	162.398	0.519	0.831	0.873
Q2	74.47	161.042	0.479	0.829	0.874
Q3	73.62	160.670	0.522	0.745	0.873
Q4	73.29	160.774	0.519	0.788	0.873
Q5	72.42	171.604	0.198	0.680	0.882
Q6	73.69	166.649	0.252	0.621	0.883
Q7	73.20	167.624	0.340	0.500	0.878
Q8	73.60	161.391	0.462	0.631	0.875
Q9	73.64	161.828	0.368	0.791	0.879
Q10	74.11	162.323	0.442	0.839	0.875
Q11	73.44	157.547	0.646	0.797	0.869
Q12	72.84	162.043	0.550	0.624	0.872
Q13	73.76	162.276	0.445	0.681	0.875
Q14	73.07	155.481	0.697	0.864	0.867
Q15	73.16	161.774	0.542	0.732	0.872
Q16	72.87	161.176	0.634	0.851	0.870
Q17	72.93	156.958	0.753	0.842	0.866
Q18	73.53	167.893	0.364	0.490	0.877
Q19	73.00	160.612	0.653	0.735	0.870
Q20	72.82	165.640	0.476	0.634	0.875
Q21	72.58	170.261	0.335	0.658	0.878
Q22	72.44	173.264	0.221	0.712	0.880

Skewness and kurtosis tests

Statistics
	N Valid	Missing Mean		Median Mode		Std. Deviation	Skewness	Std. Error of Kurtosis Skewness		Std. Error of Kurtosis	Sum
Q1	135	0	2.04	2.00	1	1.099	0.631	0.209	-0.580	0.414	276
Q2	135	0	2.36	2.00	1	1.272	0.362	0.209	-1.141	0.414	318
Q3	135	0	3.20	3.00	3^a	1.208	-0.393	0.209	-0.655	0.414	432
Q4	135	0	3.53	4.00	4	1.208	-0.736	0.209	-0.156	0.414	477
Q5	135	0	4.40	5.00	5	1.045	-1.820	0.209	2.783	0.414	594
Q6	135	0	3.13	3.00	4	1.444	-0.191	0.209	-1.317	0.414	423
Q7	135	0	3.62	4.00	3	1.064	-0.439	0.209	-0.190	0.414	489
Q8	135	0	3.22	3.00	3^a	1.285	-0.168	0.209	-1.043	0.414	435
Q9	135	0	3.18	4.00	4	1.501	-0.349	0.209	-1.352	0.414	429
Q10	135	0	2.71	3.00	4	1.263	0.088	0.209	-1.190	0.414	366
Q11	135	0	3.38	3.00	4	1.184	-0.279	0.209	-0.811	0.414	456
Q12	135	0	3.98	4.00	5	1.068	-1.074	0.209	0.773	0.414	537
Q13	135	0	3.07	3.00	3	1.259	-0.127	0.209	-0.831	0.414	414
Q14	135	0	3.76	4.00	5	1.218	-0.876	0.209	0.001	0.414	507
Q15	135	0	3.67	4.00	3^a	1.000	-0.331	0.209	-0.815	0.414	495
Q16	135	0	3.96	4.00	4	0.992	-1.029	0.209	1.283	0.414	534
Q17	135	0	3.89	4.00	5	1.063	-0.798	0.209	0.319	0.414	525
Q18	135	0	3.29	3.00	3	0.984	-0.180	0.209	-0.127	0.414	444
Q19	135	0	3.82	4.00	3	0.999	-0.455	0.209	-0.264	0.414	516
Q20	135	0	4.00	4.00	4^a	0.946	-0.804	0.209	0.552	0.414	540
Q21	135	0	4.24	4.00	5	0.824	-0.483	0.209	-1.360	0.414	573
Q22	135	0	4.38	5.00	5	0.742	-0.739	0.209	-0.818	0.414	591

Normality tests

Tests of Normality
	Kolmogorov-Smirnov			Shapiro-Wilk
	Statistic	df	Sig.	Statistic	Df	Sig.
Q1	0.274	135	<0.001	0.817	135	<0.001
Q2	0.234	135	<0.001	0.851	135	<0.001
Q3	0.191	135	<0.001	0.896	135	<0.001
Q4	0.228	135	<0.001	0.861	135	<0.001
Q5	0.406	135	<0.001	0.622	135	<0.001
Q6	0.192	135	<0.001	0.877	135	<0.001
Q7	0.187	135	<0.001	0.880	135	<0.001
Q8	0.172	135	<0.001	0.904	135	<0.001
Q9	0.241	135	<0.001	0.843	135	<0.001
Q10	0.180	135	<0.001	0.892	135	<0.001
Q11	0.189	135	<0.001	0.905	135	<0.001
Q12	0.242	135	<0.001	0.819	135	<0.001
Q13	0.190	135	<0.001	0.903	135	<0.001
Q14	0.224	135	<0.001	0.839	135	<0.001
Q15	0.176	135	<0.001	0.882	135	<0.001
Q16	0.229	135	<0.001	0.817	135	<0.001
Q17	0.208	135	<0.001	0.836	135	<0.001
Q18	0.215	135	<0.001	0.900	135	<0.001
Q19	0.195	135	<0.001	0.859	135	<0.001
Q20	0.211	135	<0.001	0.835	135	<0.001
Q21	0.309	135	<0.001	0.754	135	<0.001
Q22	0.333	135	<0.001	0.741	135	<0.001

Self-evaluation opinion questions

Likert scale	How would you evaluate your digital skills (%)	Have university studies developed your digital skills (%)	How satisfied are you with your digital skills (%)	How do you value digital literacy (%)	Have you developed your digital identity (%)
1. Not at all satisfied	11	4	20	4	24
2. Little satisfaction	4		18	9	22
3. Neutral	27	16	18	36	18
4. Satisfied	36	11	22	29	29
5. Very satisfied	22	69	22	22	7

Cronbach’s α – internal consistent efficiency Reliability Statistics

Cronbach’s Alpha	Cronbach’s Alpha Based on Standardized Items	N of Items
,880	,883	22

Good educational practices

Likert scale	Introductory courses & digital environment presentation (%)	Studentinstructor relations & digital literacy (%)	Email conduct with instructors (%)	Assistance from fellow students (%)	Team educational activities (%)
1. Not at all satisfied	16	9	2	4	4
2. Little satisfaction	13	4	13		2
3. Neutral	36	22	29	24	29
4. Satisfied	20	31	27	38	29
5. Very satisfied	16	33	29	33	36

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eurodl-2024-0001 | Journal eISSN: 1027-5207

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Language: English

Page range: 24 - 40

Published on: Mar 27, 2024

Published by: Sciendo

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 times per year

Keywords:

Digital literacy,

Higher online education,

Digital capability,

Related subjects:

Social sciences,

Curriculum and pedagogy,

Education, other

© 2024 Panagiotis Mpogiatzidis, Ioanna Pervou, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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