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Degrees with Dividends: Education and Employment in Punjab’s Labour Market Cover

Degrees with Dividends: Education and Employment in Punjab’s Labour Market

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Abstract

Subject and Purpose

This paper examines employment and income trends in Punjab, with a focus on youth, and level of education. It aims to identify structural labour market gaps and recommend targeted policies for inclusive, sustainable employment.

Materials and Methods

This study is based on unit-level data from the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) for the years 2017-18 to 2023-24. Employment indicators and average wage estimates were calculated using Stata 17 statistical software to ensure precise, consistent, and policy-relevant analysis.

Results

The analysis reveals persistent youth unemployment, low wage returns despite rising education, and a labour market dominated by informal and low-quality jobs in Punjab. While some employment indicators have improved post-pandemic, structural gaps remain in job creation and income mobility.

Conclusions

Punjab’s labour market shows modest recovery but remains constrained by high youth unemployment, low wage returns, and structural informality, demanding urgent policy intervention.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ers-2025-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2451-182X | Journal ISSN: 2083-3725
Language: English
Page range: 270 - 287
Submitted on: Jun 1, 2025
Accepted on: Jul 1, 2025
Published on: Dec 11, 2025
Published by: John Paul II University of Applied Sciences
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Babloo Jakhar, Somnath Pruthi, Aishwarya Soni, Poonam, Aarti Sharma, published by John Paul II University of Applied Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.