Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Analysis of health warning signs on alcoholic beverage packaging using the eye-tracking method Cover

Analysis of health warning signs on alcoholic beverage packaging using the eye-tracking method

Open Access
|Jul 2024

References

  1. Agostinelli, G., &amp; Grube, J. W. (2002). Alcohol counter advertising and the media: A review of recent research. <em>Alcohol Research and Health</em>, <em>26</em>, 15-21.
  2. Al-Hamdani, M., &amp; Smith, S. (2015). Alcohol warning label perceptions: Emerging evidence for alcohol policy. <em>Canadian Journal of Public Health, 106</em>(6), 395-400. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.17269/CJPH.106.5116" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.17269/CJPH.106.5116</a>
  3. Anderson, P., &amp; Baumberg, B. (2006). Alcohol in Europe. <em>London: Institute of Alcohol Studies.</em>
  4. Annunziata, A., Agnoli, L., Vecchio, R., Charters, S., &amp; Mariani, A. (2019). Health warnings on wine labels: a discrete choice analysis of Italian and French Generation Y consumers. <em>Wine Economics and Policy</em>, <em>8</em>(1), 81-90. doi: doi.org/<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wep.2019.03.001" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.wep.2019.03.001</a>
  5. Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code. (2020). <em>Food Standards (Proposal P1050 – Pregnancy warning labels on alcoholic beverages)</em>. Retrieved from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2020L00952">https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2020L00952</ext-link>
  6. Bergstromm, J. R., &amp; Schall, A. J. (2014) <em>Eye tracking in user experience design.</em> Elsevier.
  7. Brennan, E., Dunstone, K., Vittiglia, A., Mancuso, S., Durkin, S., Slater, M. D., Hoek, J., Pettigrew, S., &amp; Wakefield, M. (2022). Testing the effectiveness of alcohol health warning label formats: An online experimental study with Australian adult drinkers. <em>PLoS ONE</em>, <em>17</em>(12). doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276189" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1371/journal.pone.0276189</a>
  8. Brunk E., Becker M. W., &amp; Bix L. (2020). Empirical evaluation of the presence of a label containing standard drinks on pour accuracy among US college students. <em>PLoSOne,</em> 15(11). doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241583" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1371/journal.pone.0241583</a>
  9. Campden &amp; Chorleywood Food Research Association Group (CCFRA) (2008). Monitoring implementation of alcohol labelling regime (including advice to women on alcohol and pregnancy’. Retrieved from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/Healthimprovement/Alcoholmisuse/DH_085390/">http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/Healthimprovement/Alcoholmisuse/DH_085390/</ext-link>
  10. Carter, B. T., &amp; Luke, S. G. (2020). Best practices in eye tracking research. <em>International Journal of Psychophysiology</em>, <em>155</em>, 49-62. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.010" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.010</a>
  11. Cholewa-Wójcik, A. (2016). Weryfikacja możliwości wykorzystania nieparametrycznego testu niezależności do analizy postrzegania wybranych elementów komunikacji wizualnej opakowań. <em>Humanities and Social Sciences</em>, <em>23</em>(3), 9-21. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2016.hss.38" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.7862/rz.2016.hss.38</a>
  12. Cholewa-Wójcik, A., &amp; Kawecka, A. (2015). The influence of effectiveness of packaging elements on the consumer’s preferences with the use of marketing eye-tracking technique. <em>Modern Management Review</em>, <em>XX, 22</em>(1), 49-62. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2015.mmr.4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.7862/rz.2015.mmr.4</a>
  13. Clarke, N., Blackwell, A. K. M., De-Loyde, K., Pechey, E., Hobson, A., Pilling, M., Morris, R. W., Marteau, T. M., &amp; Hollands, G. J. (2021). Health warning labels and alcohol selection: a randomised controlled experiment in a naturalistic shopping laboratory. <em>Addiction, 116</em>(12), 3333-3345. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15519" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/add.15519</a>
  14. Cortes, M. T., Gimenez, J. A., Motos, P., &amp; Sancerni, M. D. (2016). Different versions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as screening instruments for underage binge drinking. <em>Drug and Alcohol Dependence</em>, <em>158</em>, 52-59.
  15. Critchlow, N., Crawford, M., &amp; Jones, D. (2022). Health information and warnings on alcohol packaging in Ireland: it is time to progress the Public Health (Alcohol) Act 2018. <em>Irish Journal of Medical Science</em>, <em>191</em>, 1461-1463. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02719-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1007/s11845-021-02719-8</a>
  16. Duchowski, A. (2007). <em>Eye Tracking Methodology. Theory and Practice</em>, London: Springer-Verlag. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-609-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1007/978-1-84628-609-4</a>
  17. Escandon-Barbosa, D., &amp; Rialp-Criado, J. (2019). The Impact of the Content of the Label on the Buying Intention of a Wine Consumer. <em>Frontiers in Psychology</em>, <em>9</em>, 2761. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02761" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02761</a>
  18. Espejo, B., Cortes, M., Del Rho, B., Gimenez, J., &amp; Gómez, C. (2012). Traits that Define the Different Alcohol Intensive Consume Type during the Practice of “Botellon”. <em>The Spanish Journal of Psychology</em>, <em>15</em>(1), 256-264. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n1.37318" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n1.37318</a>
  19. European Commission and CRIOC. (2011). Protect. Health warnings and responsibility messages on alcoholic beverages - a review of practices in Europe. <em>WP5 Report- Member State experiences</em>. Retrieved from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/chafea_pdb/assets/files/pdb/20081205/20081205_oth-03_en_ps_health_warnings_and_responsibility_messages_on_alcoholic_beverages.pdf">https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/chafea_pdb/assets/files/pdb/20081205/20081205_oth-03_en_ps_health_warnings_and_responsibility_messages_on_alcoholic_beverages.pdf</ext-link>
  20. European Commission. (2006). Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, An EU strategy to support Member States in reducing alcohol related harm. Retrieved from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52006DC0625">https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52006DC0625</ext-link>
  21. European Commission. (2021). European Communication from the commission to the European Parliament and the Council: Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. Retrieved from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-02/eu_cancer-plan_en_0.pdf">https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-02/eu_cancer-plan_en_0.pdf</ext-link>
  22. European Parliament and of the Council. (2011). Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, amending Regulations (EC), Dz.U. L 304 z 22.11.2011.
  23. European Parliament. (2023). Parliamentary question E-003729/2022(ASW). Retrieved from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2022-003729-ASW_EN.html">https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2022-003729-ASW_EN.html</ext-link>
  24. European Research Council. (2016). <em>Qualitative Evaluation of Completed Projects.</em>
  25. Federal Centre for Health Education. (2005). <em>Development of Alcohol Consumption Among Young People. A Survey by the Federal Centre for Health Education</em>. Cologne: BZgA.
  26. Glińska, E., &amp; Siemieniako, D. (2018). Binge drinking in relation to services – bibliometric analysis of scientific research directions. <em>Engineering Management Production and Services</em>, <em>10</em>(1), 45-54.
  27. Gold, N., Egan, M., Londakova, K., Mottershaw, A., Harper, H., Burton, R., Henn, C., Smolar, M., Walmsley, M., Arambepola, R., Watson, R., Bowen, S., &amp; Greaves, F. (2021). Effect of alcohol label designs with different pictorial representations of alcohol content and health warnings on knowledge and understanding of low-risk drinking guidelines: a randomized controlled trial. <em>Addiction</em>, <em>116</em>, 1443-1459. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15327" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/add.15327</a>
  28. Greenfield, T. (1997). Warning labels: evidence on harm reduction from long-term American surveys. In M. Plant, E. Single, &amp; T. Stockwell (Eds.), <em>Alcohol: minimizing the harm</em> (pp. 105-125). London: Free Association Books.
  29. Grube, J. W., &amp; Nygaard, P. (2001). Adolescent drinking and alcohol policy. <em>Contemporary Drug Problems</em>, <em>28</em>, 87-132.
  30. Grummon, A. H., Ruggles, P. R., Greenfield, T. K., &amp; Hall, M. G. (2023). Designing Effective Alcohol Warnings: Consumer Reactions to Icons and Health Topics. <em>American Journal of Preventive Medicine</em>, <em>64</em>(2), 57-166. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2022.09.006" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.amepre.2022.09.006</a>
  31. Guillemont, J., &amp; Leon, C. (2008). Alcohol et grossesse: connaissances du grand public en 2007 et evolutions en trios ans. <em>Evolutions</em>. Retrieved from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.inpes.sante.fr/CFESBases/catalogue/pdf/1117.pdf/">http://www.inpes.sante.fr/CFESBases/catalogue/pdf/1117.pdf/</ext-link>
  32. Hassan, L. M., &amp; Shiu, E. (2018). A systematic review of the efficacy of alcohol warning labels: Insights from qualitative and quantitative research in the new millennium. <em>Journal of Social Marketing</em>, <em>8</em>(3), 333-352. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-03-2017-0020" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1108/JSOCM-03-2017-0020</a>
  33. Hassan, L. M., Parry, S., &amp; Shiu, E. (2022). Exploring responses to differing message content of pictorial alcohol warning labels. <em>International Journal of Consumer Studies</em>, <em>46</em>(6), 2200-2219. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12779" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/ijcs.12779</a>
  34. Hobin, E., Shokar, S., Vallance, K., Hammond, D., McGavock, J., Greenfield, T. K., Schoueri-Mychasiw, N., Paradis, C., &amp; Stockwell, T. (2020). Communicating risks to drinkers: testing alcohol labels with a cancer warning and national guidelines in Canada. <em>Canadian Journal of Public Health</em>, <em>111</em>(5), 716-725. doi: 10.17269%2Fs41997-020-00320-7
  35. Jones, D., Moodie, C., Purves, R. I., Fitzgerald, N., &amp; Crockett, R. (2021). Health information, messaging and warnings on alcohol packaging: a focus group study with young adult drinkers in Scotland. <em>Addiction Research and Theory</em>, <em>29</em>(6), 469-478. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2021.1884229" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1080/16066359.2021.1884229</a>
  36. Jones, D., Moodie, C., Purves, R. I., Fitzgerald, N., &amp; Crockett, R. (2022). The role of alcohol packaging as a health communications tool: An online cross-sectional survey and experiment with young adult drinkers in the United Kingdom. <em>Drug and Alcohol Review, 41</em>(5), 1206-1215. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13469" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/dar.13469</a>
  37. Jones, S., &amp; Gregory, P. (2009). The impact of more visible standard drink labeling on youth alcohol consumption: Helping young people drink (ir)responsibly? <em>Drug and Alcohol Review</em>, <em>28</em>, 230-234.
  38. Kerr W. C., &amp; Stockwell W. (2012). Understanding standard drinks and drinking guideline. <em>Drug and Alcohol Review</em>, <em>31</em>(2), 200-205. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00374.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00374.x</a>
  39. Kersbergen, I., &amp; Field, M. (2017). Visual attention to alcohol cues and responsible drinking statements within alcohol advertisements and public health campaigns: Relationships with drinking intentions and alcohol consumption in the laboratory’ <em>Psychology of Addictive Behaviors</em>, <em>31</em>(4), 435-446. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000284" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1037/adb0000284</a>
  40. Kessels, L. T., &amp; Ruiter, R. A. (2012). Eye movement responses to health messages on cigarette packages. <em>BMC Public Health</em>, <em>12</em>(1), 352-360. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-352" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1186/1471-2458-12-352</a>
  41. Keyser, A. D., Bart, Y., Gu, X., Liu, S. Q., Robinson, S. G., &amp; Kannan, P. K. (2021). Opportunities and challenges of using biometrics for business: Developing a research agenda. <em>Journal of Business Research</em>, <em>136</em>, 52-62. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres." target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.jbusres.</a> 2021.07.028
  42. Kokole, D., Anderson, P., &amp; Jané-Llopis, E. (2021). Nature and potential impact of alcohol health warning labels: A scoping review. <em>Nutrients</em>, <em>13</em>(9), 3065. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093065" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.3390/nu13093065</a>
  43. Kuntsche, E., Rehm, J., &amp; Gmel, G., (2004). Characteristics of binge drinkers in Europe. <em>Social Science &amp;Medicine</em>, <em>59</em>, 113-127. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.10.009" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.10.009</a>
  44. Lacoste-Badie, S., Droulers, O., Dossou, G., &amp; Gallopel-Morvan, K. (2022) <em>Improving the effectiveness of pregnancy warning labels displayed on alcohol containers: a French eye-tracking study</em>, <em>Public Health</em>, <em>212</em>, 22-27. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.08.010" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.puhe.2022.08.010</a>
  45. Laughery, K. R., Paige, D. L., Laughery, B. R., Wogalter, M. S., Kalsher, M. J., &amp; Leonard, S. D. (2002). Guidelines for warnings design: Do they matter?. <em>Proc. of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society</em>, <em>46</em>(19), 1708-1712.
  46. Loxley, W., Toumbourou, J., Stockwell, T., Haines, B., Scott, K., Godfrey, C., Waters, E., Patton, G., Fordham, R., Gray, D., Marshall, J., Ryder, D., Saggers, S., Sand, L., &amp; Williams, J. (2004). The Prevention of Substance use, Risk and Harm. In A. Kirsner (ed.), <em>Australia: A Review of Evidence.</em> Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing.
  47. Mackey, M. A., &amp; Metz, M. (2007). <em>Readability of Food Product Labels. Final Report</em>. Toronto: Office of Consumer Affair, Industry Canada.
  48. MacKinnon, D., &amp; Nohre, L. (2006). Alcohol and Tobacco Earnings. In M. S. Wogalter (Ed.), <em>Handbook of Warnings</em>. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publisher.
  49. MacKinnon, D., Nohre, L., Pentz, M. A., &amp; Stacy, A. (2000). The alcohol warning and adolescents: 5-year effects. <em>American Journal of Public Health</em>, <em>90</em>(10), 1589-1594.
  50. Maynard, O. M., Munafo, M. R., &amp; Leonards, U. (2013). Visual attention to health warnings on plain tobacco packaging in adolescent smokers and non-smokers. <em>Addiction</em>, <em>108</em>(2), 413-419.
  51. Measham, F., &amp; Ostergaard, J. (2009). The public face of binge drinking: British and Danish young women, recent trends in alcohol consumption and the European binge drinking debate. <em>Probation Journal</em>, <em>56</em>(4), 415-434.
  52. Miller, E. R., Ramsey, I. J., Baratiny, G. Y., &amp; Olver, I. N. (2016). Message on a bottle: Are alcohol warning labels about cancer appropriate? Health behavior, health promotion and society. <em>BMC Public Health</em>, <em>16</em>, 139. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2812-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1186/s12889-016-2812-8</a>
  53. Monk, R. L., Westwood, J., Heim, D., &amp; Qureshi, A. W. (2017). The effect of pictorial content on attention levels and alcohol‐related beliefs: An eye‐tracking study. <em>Journal of Applied Social Psychology</em>, <em>47</em>(3), 158-164. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12432" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/jasp.12432</a>
  54. Pham, C., Rundle-Thiele, S., Parkinson, J., &amp; Li, S. (2018). Alcohol Warning Label Awareness and Attention: A Multi-method Study. <em>Alcohol and Alcoholism</em>, <em>53</em>(1), 39-45. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agx087" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1093/alcalc/agx087</a>
  55. Popova, S., Rehm, J., Patra, J., &amp; Zatonski, W. (2007). Comparing alcohol consumption in central and eastern Europe to other European countries. <em>Alcohol and Alcoholism</em>, <em>42</em>(5), 465-473. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agl124" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1093/alcalc/agl124</a>
  56. Rundle-Thiele, S., Siemieniako, D., Kubacki, K., &amp; Deshapnde, S. (2013). Benchmarking alcohol literacy: a multi country study. <em>Modern Management Review</em>, <em>20</em>(1), 99-111. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2013.mmr.9" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.7862/rz.2013.mmr.9</a>
  57. Rüütel, E., Sisask, M., Värnik, A., Värnik, P., Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Hoven, C. W., Sarchiapone, M., Apter, A., Balazs, J., Bobes, J., Brunner, R., Corcoran, P., Cosman, D., Haring, C., Iosue, M., Kaess, M., Kahn, J. P., Poštuvan, V., Sáiz, P. A., &amp; Wasserman, D. (2014). Alcohol consumption patterns among adolescents are related to family structure and exposure to drunkenness within the family: Results from the SEYLE project. <em>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</em>, <em>11</em>, 12700-12715.
  58. Siemieniako, D., &amp; Kubacki, K. (2013). Female students’ drinking seen through collages and diaries. <em>Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal</em>, <em>16</em>(3), 296-314. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/13522751311326116" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1108/13522751311326116</a>
  59. Staub, C., &amp; Siegrist, M. (2022). How health warning labels on wine and vodka bottles influence perceived risk, rejection, and acceptance. <em>BMC Public Health, 22</em>, 157. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12564-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1186/s12889-022-12564-8</a>
  60. Stewart, B., &amp; Wild, C. P. (Ed.). (2014). <em>World Cancer Report</em>. WHO, International Agency for Research on Cancer.
  61. Stockwell, T. (2006). <em>A Review of Research into the impacts of Alcohol Warning Labels on attitudes and behaviour</em>. Centre for Addiction research of BC University of Victoria British Columbia, Canada.
  62. Sussenbach, P., Niemeier, S., &amp; Glock, S. (2013). Effects of and attention to graphic warning labels on cigarette packages. <em>Psychol. Health</em>, <em>28</em>(10), 1192-1206. Thomsen, S. R., &amp; Fulton K. (2007). ‘Adolescents’ Attention to Responsibility Messages in Magazine Alcohol Advertisements: An Eye-Tracking Approach. <em>Journal of Adolescent Health</em>, <em>41</em>(1), 27-34. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jado-health.2007.02.014" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.jado-health.2007.02.014</a>
  63. Velleman, R. (2011). <em>Counselling for Alcohol Problems</em>. 3rd edition. London: SAGE.
  64. Victorian Health Promotion Foundation. (2009). <em>Alcohol health information labels: Report of qualitative research into health information labels on alcoholic beverages</em>. Carlton South, Australia.
  65. Viner, R. M., &amp; Taylor, B. (2007). Adult outcomes of binge drinking in adolescence: findings from a UK national birth cohort. <em>Journal of Epidemiology &amp; Community Health</em>, <em>61</em>, 902-907.
  66. Wigg, S., &amp; Stafford, L. D. (2016). Health Warnings on Alcoholic Beverages: Perceptions of the Health Risks and Intentions towards Alcohol Consumption. <em>Plos ONE, 11</em>(4), e0153027. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153027" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1371/journal.pone.0153027</a>
  67. Wilkenson, C., &amp; Room, R. (2009). Warnings on alcohol containers and advertisements: International experience and evidence on effects. <em>Drug and Alcohol Review</em>, <em>28</em>(4), 426-435.
  68. Winstock, A. R., Holmes, J., Ferris, J. A., &amp; Davies, E. L. (2020). Perceptions of Alcohol Health Warning Labels in a Large International Cross-Sectional Survey of People Who Drink Alcohol. <em>Alcohol and Alcoholism</em>, <em>55</em>(3), 315-322. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agz099" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1093/alcalc/agz099</a>
  69. Wright, R. D., Ward, L. M. (2008) <em>Orienting of Attention</em>, New York: Oxford University Press.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2024-0016 | Journal eISSN: 2543-912X | Journal ISSN: 2543-6597
Language: English
Page range: 104 - 117
Submitted on: Nov 1, 2023
Accepted on: May 1, 2024
Published on: Jul 18, 2024
Published by: Bialystok University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year

© 2024 Agnieszka Cholewa-Wójcik, Agnieszka Kawecka, Małgorzata Jarossová, Joanna Wiażewicz, published by Bialystok University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.