Smart Destination Selection Process: Research on Generation Y Tourists

Items	Factor loadings			M	SD	Explained variance	KMO	Significance
1	2	3
Attitude
AT1	0.838			4.0642	0.85626	68.202	0.795	0.000
AT2	0.884			4.0872	0.86228
AT3	0.823			3.8349	0.90583
AT4	0.788			3.8257	0.84072
AT5	0.793			3.9450	0.86226
Behaviour
BEH1		0.779		3.9541	0.85745	56.008	0.702	0.000
BEH2		0.572		3.0642	1.04969
BEH3		0.870		3.8945	0.76373
BEH4		0.742		3.8624	0.81425
Travel intention
TI1			0.867	3.7798	0.76632	75.531	0.727	0.000
TI2			0.871	3.7706	0.82733
TI3			0.869	3.7018	0.93478

Table 3:

CFA goodness-of-fit values

Variable	χ²	df	χ²/df	GFI	CFI	NFI	SRMR	RMSEA
Criterion			≤ 5	≥ 0.90	≥ 0.90	≥ 0.90	≤ 0.08	≤ 0.08
Attitude	7,331	4	1,833	0,987	0,995	0,989	0,0192	0,062
Behaviour	3,417	2	1,709	0,992	0,993	0,984	0,0270	0,057
Travel Intention	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0

[i] Note: GFI = goodness-of-fit index; CFI = Comparative Fit Index; NFI = normed fit index; SRMR = standardized root mean square residual; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation.

Table 4:

Values for normal distribution

Scale	N	Skewness	Kurtosis	Shapiro-Wilk (p)	Kolmogorov-Smirnov (p)
Attitude	218	−0.109	−0.350
Behaviour	218	−0.165	1.656	0.000	0.000
Travel Intention	218	−0.071	−0.250

Table 5:

Validity and reliability analysis.

Variable	AVE	CR	Cronbach’s alpha
Attitude	0.58	0.83	0.883
Behaviour	0.45	0.75	0.709
Travel Intention	0.63	0.83	0.834

[i] Note: AVE = average variance extracted; CR = component reliability.

Table 6:

Demographic findings

	Frequency	Percent
Gender
Male	104	47.7
Female	114	52.3
Age
18–23	142	65.1
24–29	27	12.4
30–35	21	9.6
36–41	28	12.8
Education
Associate degree	136	62.4
Undergraduate	59	27.1
Postgraduate	23	10.6

Table 7:

Participation levels of Generation Y tourists in statements regarding the smart destination selection process

Expressions		Strongly disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly agree	M	SD
New facilities like smartphones, websites, etc., have enabled me to better plan my trip	n	6	6	19	124	63	4.062	0.856
	%	2.8	2.8	8.7	56.9	28.9	4.062	0.856
New facilities like smartphones, websites, etc., have made travelling easier than before	n	4	11	15	120	68	4.087	0.862
	%	1.8	5.0	6.9	55.0	31.2	4.087	0.862
The existence of smart infrastructure influences my attitude in visiting this destination	n	5	15	35	119	44	3.834	0.905
	%	2.3	6.9	16.1	54.6	20.2	3.834	0.905
Smart facilities such as tour guide devices are very important to me	n	3	10	51	112	42	3.825	0.840
	%	1.4	4.6	23.4	51.4	19.3	3.825	0.840
I have access to new facilities like smartphones, websites, etc.	n	3	13	30	119	53	3.945	0.862
	%	1.4	6.0	13.8	54.6	24.3	3.945	0.862
It is important for me to easily locate with my cell phone and inform friends and relatives where I am	n	5	8	31	122	52	3.954	0.857
	%	2.3	3.7	14.2	56.0	23.9	3.954	0.857
I really care about my travelling behaviour as I use smart facilities and friends will follow me	n	12	63	56	73	14	3.064	1.049
	%	5.5	28.9	25.7	33.5	6.4	3.064	1.049
I have resources, time, and opportunities to use smart devices	n	2	7	43	126	40	3.894	0.763
	%	0.9	3.2	19.7	57.8	18.3	3.894	0.763
I am confident that, if I want, I can use smart devices	n	4	9	38	129	38	3.862	0.814
I am confident that, if I want, I can use smart devices	%	1.8	4.1	17.4	59.2	17.4	3.862	0.814
Other people who are important to me think I should use smart apps for my trip	n	11	49	62	79	17	3.192	1.033
	%	5.0	22.5	28.4	36.2	7.8	3.192	1.033
My family encouraged me to use smart technologies for this trip	n	10	31	55	108	14	3.389	0.964
	%	4.6	14.2	25.2	49.5	6.4	3.389	0.964
I intend to visit smart destinations because of safety and security issues	n	3	9	48	131	27	3.779	0.766
	%	1.4	4.1	22.0	60.1	12.4	3.779	0.766
For my future travels I want to go to destinations with more smart facilities	n	3	11	54	115	35	3.770	0.827
	%	1.4	5.0	24.8	52.8	16.1	3.770	0.827
I will make an effort to visit smart destinations when travelling	n	7	14	53	107	37	3.701	0.934
	%	3.2	6.4	24.3	49.1	17.0	3.701	0.934
I prefer smart destinations rather than traditional ones	n	3	21	58	106	30	3.637	0.886
I prefer smart destinations rather than traditional ones	%	1.4	9.6	26.6	48.6	13.8	3.637	0.886
I will select smart destinations for future trips	n	6	29	78	90	15	3.362	0.896
I will select smart destinations for future trips	%	2.8	13.3	35.8	41.9	6.9	3.362	0.896
Smart destinations have more to offer compared to traditional destinations, hence I get more experiences and fun	n	7	14	41	124	32	3.733	0.902
	%	3.2	6.4	18.8	56.9	14.7	3.733	0.902

Table 8:

Model goodness-of-fit values

Variable	χ²	df	χ²/df	GFI	CFI	NFI	SRMR	RMSEA
Criterion			≤ 5	≥ 0.90	≥ 0.90	≥ 0.90	≤ 0.08	≤ 0.08
Modal	103.65	51	2.032	0.927	0.962	0.935	0.0468	0.076

[i] Note: GFI = goodness-of-fit index; CFI = Comparative Fit Index; NFI = normed fit index; SRMR = standardized root mean square residual; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation.

Table 9:

Structural model regression weights

Analysis path			B	β	SE	C.R.	P
Travel Intention	<---	Attitude	0.474	0.457	0.091	5.209	0.000
Travel Intention	<---	Behaviour	0.790	0.684	0.127	6.201	0.000

Table 10:

t test for gender variable

Factors	F	Significance	t	df	Significance (2-tailed)	Mean difference
Attitude	0.009	0.923	0.884	216	0.378	0.08563
Behaviour	0.239	0.625	0.073	216	0.942	0.00633
Travel Intention	0.023	0.880	−0.138	216	0.891	−0.01372

Table 11:

ANOVA test for age variable

		Sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Significance
Attitude	Between groups	3.193	3	1.064	2.118	0.099
Attitude	Within groups	107.531	214	0.502
Total	110.725	217
Behaviour	Between groups	0.912	3	0.304	0.737	0.531
Behaviour	Within groups	88.337	214	0.413
Total	89.249	217
Travel Intention	Between groups	5.661	3	1.887	3.641	0.014
Travel Intention	Within groups	110.909	214	0.518
Total	116.569	217

Table 12:

Tukey test for age variable

Dependent variable			Mean difference (I–J)	SE	Significance	95% CI
Lower bound	Upper bound
Travel Intention	18–23	24–29	0.31499	0.15114	0.162	−0.0764	0.7064
	18–23	30–35	−0.29700	0.16831	0.293	−0.7328	0.1388
	36–41	−0.20573	0.14886	0.512	−0.5912	0.1797
	24–29	18–23	−0.31499	0.15114	0.162	−0.7064	0.0764
	24–29	30–35	−0.61199^*	0.20946	0.020	−1.1544	−0.0696
	36–41	−0.52072^*	0.19418	0.039	−1.0235	−0.0179
	30–35	18–23	0.29700	0.16831	0.293	−0.1388	0.7328
	30–35	24–29	0.61199^*	0.20946	0.020	0.0696	1.1544
36–41	0.09127	0.20782	0.972	−0.4468	0.6294
36–41	18–23	0.20573	0.14886	0.512	−0.1797	0.5912
36–41	24–29	0.52072^*	0.19418	0.039	0.0179	1.0235
30–35	−0.09127	0.20782	0.972	−0.6294	0.4468

* The mean difference is significant at the 0,05 level

Table 13:

ANOVA test for education variable.

		Sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Significance
Attitude	Between groups	2.632	2	1.316	2.617	0.075
Attitude	Within groups	108.093	215	0.503
Total	110.725	217
Behaviour	Between groups	0.117	2	0.058	0.141	0.869
Behaviour	Within groups	89.133	215	0.415
Total	89.249	217
Travel Intention	Between groups	5.067	2	2.533	4.885	0.008
Travel Intention	Within groups	111.503	215	0.519
Total	116.569	217

Table 14:

Tukey test for education variable

Dependent variable			Mean difference (I - J)	SE	Significance	95% CI
Lower bound	Upper bound
Travel Intention	Associate degree	Undergraduate	−0.05874	0.11227	0.860	−0.3237	0.2062
	Postgraduate	−0.50703^*	0.16236	0.006	−0.8902	−0.1238
	Undergraduate	Associate degree	0.05874	0.11227	0.860	−0.2062	0.3237
	Postgraduate	−0.44829^*	0.17703	0.032	−0.8661	−0.0305
Postgraduate	Associate degree	0.50703^*	0.16236	0.006	0.1238	0.8902
Undergraduate	0.44829^*	0.17703	0.032	0.0305	0.8661

* The mean difference is significant at the 0,05 level

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2023-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2182-4924 | Journal ISSN: 2182-4916

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 26 - 39

Submitted on: Dec 13, 2021

Accepted on: Nov 29, 2022

Published on: Nov 18, 2023

Published by: Polytechnic Institute of Leiria

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

Destination selection,

smart destinatio,

tourist,

technology

Related subjects:

Business and economics,

Business management,

Business management, other,

Industries,

Tourism, hospitality, travel,

Event industry, leisure industry,

Sports and recreation,

Sports and recreation, other

© 2023 Metin Sürme, Ercan Ince, published by Polytechnic Institute of Leiria
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 13 (2023): Issue 1 (December 2023)

Smart Destination Selection Process: Research on Generation Y Tourists

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Table 1:

Table 2: