Evaluation of Olive Cake Management Options in Jordan using Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix

Salah H. Aljbour; Adnan Al-Harahsheh; Nabeel A. Jarrah; Husam Al-Hamaiedeh; Tayel El-Hasan; Sajeda Al-Rahaifeh

doi:10.2478/eces-2025-0027

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Evaluation of Olive Cake Management Options in Jordan using Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

Volume 32 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)

By: Salah H. Aljbour , Adnan Al-Harahsheh , Nabeel A. Jarrah , Husam Al-Hamaiedeh , Tayel El-Hasan and Sajeda Al-Rahaifeh

Open Access

|Dec 2025

Abstract

This study evaluates different options for the valorisation of olive cake waste in Jordan, focusing on direct combustion, gasification, and composting. Physical/chemical, biological/ecological, sociological/cultural, and economic/operational aspects of each option are assessed using the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) procedure. The findings indicate that composting of olive cake emerges as the most favourable option, offering positive impacts on soil quality, minimal environmental and social risks, and economic benefits through job creation and value-added products. Gasification and direct combustion also show potential but may require further consideration of local context and stakeholder preferences. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for decision-makers in selecting the most suitable olive cake valorisation option in Jordan.

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2025-0027 | Journal eISSN: 2084-4549 | Journal ISSN: 1898-6196

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Language: English

Page range: 515 - 533

Published on: Dec 31, 2025

Published by: Society of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

olive cake,

RIAM,

gasification,

composting,

solid waste management,

EIA

Related subjects:

Chemistry,

Sustainable and green chemistry,

Engineering,

Electrical engineering,

Energy engineering,

Life sciences,

Ecology

© 2025 Salah H. Aljbour, Adnan Al-Harahsheh, Nabeel A. Jarrah, Husam Al-Hamaiedeh, Tayel El-Hasan, Sajeda Al-Rahaifeh, published by Society of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 32 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)