Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Anxiety and Depression among Final-Year High School Students in Serbia: A Cross-Sectional Study Following a National School Tragedy Cover

Anxiety and Depression among Final-Year High School Students in Serbia: A Cross-Sectional Study Following a National School Tragedy

By: Maja Muric and  Nemanja Muric  
Open Access
|Oct 2025

References

  1. Cedrone F, Berselli N, Stacchini L, De Nicolò V, Caminiti M, Ancona A, et al. Depressive Symptoms of Public Health Medical Residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic, a Nation-Wide Survey: The PHRASI Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(9):5620. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20095620.
  2. Liu X, Wang J. Depression, anxiety, and student satisfaction with university life among college students: a crosslagged study. Humanit Soc Sci Commun. 2024;11:1172. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03686-y
  3. Salari N, Heidarian P, Hassanabadi M, Babajani F, Abdoli N, Aminian M, et al. Global Prevalence of Social Anxiety Disorder in Children, Adolescents and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Prev (2022). 2024;45(5):795–813. doi: 10.1007/s10935-024-00789-9.
  4. Keller MB. The lifelong course of social anxiety disorder: a clinical perspective. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2003;(417):85–94. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.108.s417.6.x.
  5. Merikangas KR, He JP, Burstein M, Swanson SA, Avenevoli S, Cui L, et al. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). J. Am. Acad. Child. Psy. 2010;49(10):980–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017
  6. Ormel J, Raven D, van Oort F, Hartman CA, Reijneveld SA, Veenstra R, et al. Mental health in Dutch adolescents: a TRAILS report on prevalence, severity, age of onset, continuity and co-morbidity of DSM disorders. Psychol. Med. 2015;45(2):345–360. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714001469.
  7. Mohammadi MR, Pourdehghan P, Mostafavi SA, Hooshyari Z, Ahmadi N, Khaleghi A. Generalized anxiety disorder: Prevalence, predictors, and comorbidity in children and adolescents. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;73:102234. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102234.
  8. Mofatteh M. Risk factors associated with stress, anxiety, and depression among university undergraduate students. AIMS Public Health. 2020;25;8(1):36–65. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2021004.
  9. Turunen T, Haravuori H, Punamäki RL, Suomalainen L, Marttunen M. The role of attachment in recovery after a school-shooting trauma. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2014;5. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v5.22728.
  10. Peterson JK, Densley JA, Pyrooz DC. Mental health consequences of exposure to mass and non-mass shootings in a national sample of US adults. Nat. Mental Health. 2025;530–537. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-025-00413-7
  11. Matza L, Morlock R, Sexton C, Malley K, Feltner D. Identifying HAM-A cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe generalized anxiety disorder. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 2010;19(4):223–232. doi: 10.1002/mpr.323.
  12. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation, 1996.
  13. Wang Y-P, Gorenstein C. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review. Braz J Psychiatry. 2013;35:416–431. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048
  14. Young KS, Sandman CF, Craske MG. Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Links to Anxiety and Depression. Brain Sci. 2019;9(4):76.
  15. Sun Y, Zhong Y, Sun W, Chu L, Long J, Fan XW. More prevalent and more severe: gender differences of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Front Public Health. 2023;13;11:1167234. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1167234.
  16. Weeks GA, Sakmar E, Clark TA, Rose AM, Silverman WK, Lebowitz ER. Family Accommodation and Separation Anxiety: The Moderating Role of Child Attachment. Preprint. Res Sq. 2023;rs.3.rs-3621755. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3621755/v1
  17. Halidu MD, Moe CF, Behboudi-Gandevani S, Haugan T. Social anxiety in adolescence and the first timing of parental home leaving and living with a partner: a longitudinal population-based Young-HUNT3 study in Norway. Front Public Health. 2024;24;12:1484501. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1484501.
  18. Limón-Bañuelos K, Vicuña-García JA, Limón-Pérez De León ID, Osorio-Espinoza A. The association between the consumption of psychoactive substances and psychiatric disorders in polyconsumers at the Puebla Juvenile Integration Center. Revista médica Risaralda [Internet]. 2023;29:2. https://doi.org/10.22517/25395203.25312.
  19. Adedeji A, Otto C, Kaman A, Reiss F, Devine J, Ravens-Sieberer U. Peer Relationships and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents: Results From the German BELLA Study. Front Psychol. 2022;12:767922. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767922.
  20. Klein RJ, Nguyen ND, Gyorda JA, Jacobson NC. Adolescent Emotion Regulation and Future Psychopathology: A Prospective Transdiagnostic Analysis. J Res Adolesc. 2022;32(4):1592–1611. doi: 10.1111/jora.12743.
  21. Corcoran, RP, Kelly C. Emotionally based school non-attendance: Development of a local authority, multi-agency approach to supporting regular attendance. British Journal of Special Education. 2024;51(1):5–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12497.
  22. Mousikou M, Kyriakou A, Skordis N. Stress and Growth in Children and Adolescents. Horm Res Paediatr. 2023;96(1):25–33.
  23. Etami Y, Lildharrie C, Manza P, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Neuroimaging in Adolescents: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Risk for Substance Use Disorders. Genes (Basel). 2023;14(12):2113.
  24. Melton TH, Croarkin PE, Strawn JR, McClintock SM. Comorbid Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Analysis. J Psychiatr Pract. 2016;22(2):84–98.
  25. Prochaska JD, Le VD, Baillargeon J, Temple JR. Utilization of Professional Mental Health Services Related to Population-Level Screening for Anxiety, Depression, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Public High School Students. Community Ment Health J. 2016;.z52(6):691–700.
  26. Fergusson DM, Woodward LJ. Mental Health, Educational, and Social Role Outcomes of Adolescents With Depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002; 59(3):225.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eabr-2025-0009 | Journal eISSN: 2956-2090 | Journal ISSN: 2956-0454
Language: English
Submitted on: May 18, 2025
Accepted on: Jun 27, 2025
Published on: Oct 15, 2025
Published by: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Maja Muric, Nemanja Muric, published by University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

AHEAD OF PRINT