Coordination and fragmentation of policy-making
| Coordination quality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Medium | Low | ||
| Fragmentation | High | Austria | Czech Republic | |
| Medium | Finland | |||
| Low | ||||
Source of policy advice
| Mandarins Top civil servants. | |
| Mandarins and Cabinets Direct personal advisors to Ministers. | Austria |
| Mandarins and External Experts External experts such as consultants, academics, international organisations, think-tanks or business administration can appear less legitimate among public employees. | Finland |
| Cabinets | |
| Cabinets and External experts | Czech Republic |
| External experts | |
| All three sources of policy advice |
Human development Index (HDI) by country 2020 by population 2020
| Country | Human Development Index | Population 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Austria | 0.98 | 9,006,398 |
| Finland | 0.92 | 5,540,720 |
| Czechia | 0.888 | 10,708,981 |