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            <title><![CDATA[The Reform of Performance-Based Budgeting in Albania: Convergence With European Union Practices]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0016</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The qualitative synthesis study aimed to analyse the impact of legal reforms on improving the efficiency of performance-based budgeting in Albania. Accordingly, the study addressed the following research question: to what extent have legal reforms in Albania improved the efficiency of performance-based budgeting and ensured its convergence with core European Union standards of transparency, accountability, and medium-term budgetary planning. The methodology was based on a qualitative research design, including qualitative content analysis, document analysis, and the formulation of practical recommendations. The study found that EU institutions, including the European Commission, SIGMA/OECD, and the Council of the European Union, guided Albania’s alignment with EU budgeting standards. Since 2005, Albania has worked on medium-term budgeting, institutionalizing performance-based budgeting, and improving digitalization and transparency. Progress was limited by administrative capacity, weak coordination, and a developing performance measurement culture. Recommendations include training, enhanced cooperation, legislative alignment, and revised public investment rules to strengthen EU integration.]]></description>
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            <title><![CDATA[Social Partnership Model of Labour Market Policy. Case of Poland, 1998–2024]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0018</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The objective of this article is to examine the social partnership model of labour market policy (LMP) and its applicability in Poland. It also analyses whether expenditure on LMP has affected changes in the unemployment rate. The study in the empirical part uses descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The analysis is based on Macroeconomic Data Bank (Poland), Eurostat and OECD data for the period 1998–2024. Similarly to other countries, Poland modified their approach to LMP, as reflected in changes in LMP expenditure as a share of GDP. In Poland, despite the declaration of a social market economy model, the scale of LMP spending indicates a more liberal policy orientation. The article concludes that expenditure on LMP has had a significant impact on the unemployment rate.]]></description>
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            <title><![CDATA[Does the Presidential Election Have Implications for a Better Environment in Indonesia?]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0019</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[According to the conventional wisdom, political actors and candidates are incentivized by electoral competition to compete for voter support through public good provision that is aligned with their preferences. This study aims to examine the validity of this assumption, especially regarding whether presidential elections have a positive impact on environmental quality, a subject with relatively little attention. Using annual time-series data for Indonesia (1970–2024) from the World Bank, Global Footprint Network, KPU, and V-Dem, we estimate the effect of presidential elections on one of the world’s greatest environmental challenges: climate change. Contrary to general theories of electoral competition and political accountability, presidential elections do not significantly shape environmental governance in Indonesia. The study contributes to the literature by identifying issue salience as a key condition shaping electoral accountability and environmental policy outcomes.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Carbon-Tax Benchmark as a Complement to Emissions Trading: An Empirical Calibration Based on Slovak EU ETS Data]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0017</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article examines whether a carbon-tax benchmark calibrated on EU ETS data can complement emissions trading in the Slovak Republic. Using Slovak EU ETS installation-level data on allocated allowances, verified emissions and EUA prices for 2015–2024, it develops an illustrative calibration methodology and compares the resulting tax yield with a modelled above-allocation ETS compliance-cost proxy. The comparison is intentionally limited: it cannot establish fiscal superiority over the EU ETS, because auction revenues, private compliance costs and potential tax revenues are conceptually different. The results show that, when the minimum tax floor is not binding, the tax yield is mechanically linked to the ETS proxy through the calibration coefficient. The estimated revenue difference should therefore be interpreted as a consequence of the benchmark design. The article also discusses distributional implications and CBAM compatibility, emphasising product-level embedded-emissions data and coordination to avoid double charging.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Entrepreneurial Intentions and Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity in Danube Economies: The Roles of Opportunity Perception, Perceived Capabilities and Fear of Failure]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0015</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Although many individuals express entrepreneurial intentions, only a minority becomes entrepreneurially active. This study examines how entrepreneurial perceptions are associated with entrepreneurial intentions and early-stage entrepreneurial activity in Danube-region economies using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Adult Population Survey data for 2018–2021. Weighted logistic regression models with country and year fixed effects are estimated on pooled repeated cross-sectional data. Perceived opportunities, perceived capabilities, and entrepreneurial network exposure are positively associated with entrepreneurial intention, whereas fear of failure is negatively associated with it. Among respondents reporting intentions, perceived capabilities remain the strongest positive correlate of current entrepreneurial engagement, whereas perceived opportunities lose statistical significance. Women also show consistently lower odds of both entrepreneurial intention and early-stage activity. The findings suggest that entrepreneurship support may need to combine opportunity awareness with capability-building, gender-responsive support, mentoring, and measures that reduce failure-related barriers.]]></description>
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            <title><![CDATA[Mindfulness and Work Engagement Among Hybrid Employees: A Closer Look]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0014</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness and work engagement,analysed through its three dimensions: vigour, dedication, and absorption, among employees working in a hybrid model. This quantitative study used the CAWI method to collect 186 surveys from full-time Polish hybrid workers in April 2024. The results reveal a U-shaped relationship between mindfulness and work engagement. The same nature of the relationship applies to both the phenomenon of “work engagement” analysed as a whole and its individual dimensions. Initial increases in mindfulness are associated with a decline in work engagement, possibly because greater awareness of competing demands is not yet accompanied by sufficient attentional control. However, at higher levels of mindfulness, the relationship becomes positive and increasingly stronger, leading to an accelerating enhancement in employees’ ability to concentrate, focus, and fully engage in their work. The study highlights the potential of mindfulness as a personal resource supporting work engagement in hybrid work settings.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Influence of Organization’s Size and Sector on Its Level of Cybersecurity]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0008</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The impact of both organizational size and sector on various cybersecurity practices, investments, attack exposure, and perceived barriers has long been discussed. Using survey data of 254 respondents collected from May 2024 to May 2025 across diverse industries, Spearman’s rank-order correlation and Kruskal-Wallis tests are applied to analyze relationships between organizational characteristics and cybersecurity outcomes. Larger organizations tend to invest more in cybersecurity, perceive particular cyber threats as more severe, and in case of a cyberattack, experience more severe consequences such as data loss and contractual penalties. In contrast, the sector shows only weak or non-significant correlations with most variables, except for perceived importance of cybersecurity, which IT organizations rated significantly higher than others. These findings suggest that organization’s size may play a more influential role than sectoral affiliation in shaping cybersecurity preparedness and exposure, although sector-specific characteristics should still be taken into account.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Sustainability of Microfinance Banks in the Digital Age in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0013</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The digital transformation of microfinance banks (MFBs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is increasingly critical due to rising competition and the need for adaptation. This study examines the sustainability of MFBs in selected SSA countries within the context of digitalisation. Using data from 2017–2022 from the Microfinance Information Exchange, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, the study analyses 115 MFBs across 21 SSA countries using a fixed-effects regression model. Findings show that digital technologies significantly enhance MFB performance and sustainability, with digitalisation investments, mobile banking, and internet banking positively influencing financial self-sufficiency and return on assets. Bank size and age are also identified as key drivers of sustainable performance. In contrast, inflation, leverage, and average loan size negatively affect sustainability, while GDP growth exerts a modest positive effect. The study recommends that policymakers promote digitalisation to improve efficiency, productivity, customer outreach, and loan management in microfinance banks.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Delegating Consumer Choice to AI: Implications for Product Evaluation and Willingness to Pay]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0012</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[From a marketing perspective, the use of AI to optimise management processes is already a common part of business practice. However, the integration of AI into consumer decision-making processes remains unexplored, particularly regarding customer responses to delegated choice. The main research question was: what is the impact of delegating consumer choice on product perception and customer willingness to pay? The study assumes that the perceived value of AI-supported decision-making varies across purchasing situations and product categories. The hypotheses were tested using the SPSS software interface, employing statistical tests suitable for ordinal and repeated-measures data analysis. The input data was drawn from a questionnaire survey conducted between January and March 2026 on a sample of 420 respondents belonging to Generation Z in the Czech Republic. The results of the research indicate that delegating consumer choice to AI is generally perceived positively by consumers, particularly in the context of tangible products. The findings further show that the effectiveness of AI-based delegated decision-making depends on the type of purchase situation. Willingness to pay more for products recommended by AI differs across product categories and is significantly higher in cases characterised by a rational approach to decision-making and higher investment intensity. These results suggest that the perceived value of AI-supported decision-making is context-dependent, which has important implications for the application of AI in algorithmic recommendation marketing.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[From Hero to Zero: A Case Study of Industry-To-Academia Career Transitions at a Czech Public University]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0010</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Career transitions from industry into academia remain comparatively under-researched in Central European higher education. This study explores, as a single-institution case study, how three experienced professionals made sense of moving into full-time academic work at one Czech public university. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with practitioner-academics who each had more than twenty years of corporate experience. Transcripts were analysed using six-phase reflexive thematic analysis with MAXQDA, and interpreted through Career Construction Theory as the single guiding framework. Six interpretive themes were developed: purposeful reorientation over financial reward; status inversion; limited onboarding at the focal institution; economic pressure toward concurrent external work; learning accreditation norms; and reliance on individual adaptability. Because all three participants had successfully integrated and were drawn from one institution, the findings are preliminary and illustrative rather than generalisable, forming the first stage of an ongoing study.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Application of EU Member States’ Decisions on Succession Rights to Immovable Property in the Slovak Republic]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0011</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article examines notarial activity in succession proceedings involving immovable property after the application of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. Its aim is to assess how decisions issued in other EU Member States concerning succession rights to immovable property are applied in the Slovak Republic and whether the Regulation has fulfilled its purpose in this area. The paper combines doctrinal legal research with practice-based analysis, drawing on the author’s more than fifteen years of professional experience as a notary and on an academic examination of relevant Slovak legislation, EU law, case law, and selected comparative solutions since 2015. The analysis identifies practical and legal difficulties related in recognising foreign succession decisions and registering rights in public registers. It concludes that, despite the Regulation’s unifying purpose, significant uncertainties remain and further clarification is needed at both EU and national levels.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Bridging the Intention-Behaviour Gap in Circular Consumption: Consumer Segmentation and Barriers Toward Re-Use Utilisations]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0009</link>
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            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Product re-use is vital for the circular economy, yet a gap persists between policies and consumer behaviour. The objective of this study is to investigate consumer motivations and barriers to engage in re-use practices, with a focus on re-use centres. Data from a representative questionnaire survey (2025) reveal a pronounced intention-behaviour gap: despite generally positive attitudes towards re-use and environmental protection, 74.8% of respondents have never visited a re-use centre. The findings demonstrate that this gap is driven by a complex interaction, where dominant economic motivators are continuously neutralized by intense hygiene and quality anxieties. Cluster analysis identifies three consumer segments: Sceptics with High Barriers (19%), characterised by mistrust and hygiene concerns; Highly Motivated but Cautious (34%), who value sustainability yet perceive risks; and Pragmatic Realists (47%), prioritising price and convenience. The paper offers differentiated recommendations to bridge the intention-behaviour gap and increase re-use centre utilisation.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[From Unity to Fragmentation? OECD Country Groupings During Successive Crises (2019–2024)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0005</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study examines the macroeconomic cohesion and heterogeneity of OECD countries from 2019 to 2024 using cluster analysis based on key economic, social, and institutional indicators. The methodology identifies clusters reflecting similarities in macroeconomic patterns, while accounting for differences in wage-setting, governance, and policy uncertainty. Results show that Nordic, Benelux, and Oceania countries exhibited consistently high internal cohesion, whereas Central, Southern European, Balkan countries, Israel, and Turkey displayed more variable cluster membership, reflecting substantial heterogeneity in economic development. The Baltic states showed increasing cohesion from 2022, while Latin American OECD members remained largely dispersed. Cluster stability varied across years, highlighting descriptive differences rather than causal relationships, but offering insights into responses to overlapping shocks, including pandemics, geopolitical tensions, and climate policy uncertainty. These findings contribute to understanding uneven convergence among advanced economies and provide guidance for policymakers in evaluating macroeconomic stability, structural differences, and resilience under global uncertainty.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Theoretical Challenges of Corporate Legal Accountability for Climate Change]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0006</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article explores the limitations and possibilities within modern legal theory to provide for a firm theoretical grounding for corporate accountability for climate change. The article first acknowledges the scientific consensus on climate change and the need for corporate responsibility in addressing its effects. It then examines the current legal framework, including national, supranational, and international regulations, which range from emissions targets to adaptation strategies. The article then argues that while modern legal theory may be insufficient to fully grasp the complexities of corporate accountability for climate change, particularly in transnational contexts, its complete overhaul is still not necessary. The challenge lies in recognizing the pluralist nature of modern legal practices and integrating them in the developing theoretical frameworks to effectively address the multifaceted nature of corporate accountability for climate change.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Features of Judicial Precedent as a Source of EU Tax Law]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0007</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article examines the doctrinal status and significance of judicial precedent in the EU tax legal order, focusing on its implications for Ukraine’s integration. In the absence of full legislative harmonisation in direct taxation, CJEU jurisprudence serves as a primary mechanism for “negative integration”. Using doctrinal analysis and case studies, the research finds that while the EU rejects formal stare decisis, it operates via jurisprudence constante, where consistent rulings acquire quasi-precedential authority. The results show that the CJEU has developed essential standards – such as the prohibition of abuse of rights and fiscal neutrality – that redefine national tax autonomy. For candidate countries like Ukraine, alignment requires not only transposing directives but also integrating CJEU doctrines into domestic adjudication. The study concludes that judicial precedent balances fiscal sovereignty with market integration. It recommends enhancing judicial expertise in EU law to ensure legal certainty during the accession process.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Impact of the Longevity Risk on Permanent Life Annuity in the Context of IFRS 17]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0001</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Longevity risk – the risk that policyholders outlive expected mortality projections – poses a significant challenge to the financial sustainability of pension insurance. This paper investigates the valuation of permanent life annuities under IFRS 17, the accounting standard that fundamentally reshaped actuarial reporting in 2023. We propose a robust mortality model that integrates a selection factor to more accurately capture the idiosyncratic longevity of annuity holders. Furthermore, the study quantifies the Risk Adjustment (RA) for non-financial risks using the Cost of Capital (CoC) method, aligning with Solvency II valuation principles. Our results demonstrate how precise longevity modelling influences the Contractual Service Margin (CSM) and overall liability adequacy. These findings offer critical insights for insurers aiming to balance product stability with the rigorous transparency requirements of IFRS 17.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Cyber Security in Terms of Ensuring the Digital Transformation of European Economies: Empirical Evidence]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0002</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The development of information technologies actualizes the issue of ensuring information and cyber security, while the main problem can be considered the lack of a clear understanding of the key role of cyber security in strengthening the national security of the state. The purpose of the article is to identify the interdependence between the cyber security system in the country and opportunities for using modern digital technologies in economic processes, which can ultimately accelerate the digital transformation of the economy. This study used a basic model for linear regression between the National Cyber Security Index and Digital Development Level indicators. The results of the study showed an average level of the close relationship between the studied indicators, and the value of the multiple correlation coefficient in the total number of observations of equal 37 studied European countries is 0.46445. As a result of the positioning between the effective and factor indicators, we identified 4 zones (groups) of countries and established that their distribution according to economic similarity is preserved, the essence of which boils down to the fact that the countries have similar geographical conditions and implement similar strategies of economic development and digital transformation.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Wealth Effects of the Abuse of Dominance Enforcement]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0003</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article investigates the welfare impacts of abuse of dominance enforcement proxied by the stock price evaluations. The European Commission reformed the competition policy at the turn of the new century; however, the reform efforts were more reserved and cautious regarding Article 102 TFEU than in other competition law subfields. The empirical research assesses whether the Commission and the EU Courts’ decisions affect the wealth of sanctioned undertakings for the 1990–2014 period by conducting an event study. Only Commission decisions have substantial and statistically significant negative consequences for the market value of infringers. Furthermore, the enforcement effectiveness is assessed by observing the effects of imposed remedies, and the 2004 breakpoint robustly estimates the reforms. The fines do not seem to be sufficiently negatively effective; thus, the results suggest a weaker deterrent effect than could be predicted from nominally high fines, and the more recent cases reflect an even weaker deterrent effect.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Regulating Temporary Agency Work Through Collective Bargaining: Insights From The Slovenian Experience]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2026-0004</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article examines whether collective bargaining in Slovenia meaningfully supplements the statutory regulation of temporary agency work (TAW). Using a qualitative socio-legal case-study design, it combines targeted doctrinal analysis of the EU and Slovenian legal framework with qualitative content analysis of all 47 valid national-level sectoral collective agreements, supplemented by two illustrative company-level agreements and selected worker-organisation examples. The findings show that sectoral collective bargaining regulates TAW only selectively: most agreements contain no explicit TAW clauses, while most existing clauses mainly restate equal treatment guarantees or improve transparency. More robust protective supplementation appears only in a limited number of sectoral provisions and more clearly at company level, notably through quota rules, training access, and negotiated pathways to direct employment. The article concludes that collective bargaining in Slovenia functions not as an autonomous TAW regime but as an uneven supplement to a relatively developed statutory framework.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Dynamic Interplay between Working Capital Management and Profitability: Empirical Insights from European Markets]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/danb-2025-0016</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 18 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study aims to investigate the effect of working capital management on the profitability of manufacturing firms in Europe. To achieve the purpose of this research, we used a multiple regression approach on a balanced panel dataset of 39 European manufacturing firms listed on the Frankfurt and Oslo stock markets between 2017 and 2021. The findings illustrated that both return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are negatively affected by days sales outstanding. Days payable outstanding have a negative and insignificant effect on ROA, but positive on ROE. Liquidity has a positive impact on both ROA and ROE. Debt to equity has a significant and negative effect on ROA, but a positive on ROE. Overall, managers should understand how to organize and manage working capital because it can be considered a crucial factor in determining the profitability of manufacturing firms.]]></description>
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