The Qualities and Competencies of the Ideal Direct Supervisor (Manager) According to Generation Z - Research Results in Poland and Great Britain

Anna Korombel; Olga Ławińska

doi:10.2478/czoto-2025-0049

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The Qualities and Competencies of the Ideal Direct Supervisor (Manager) According to Generation Z - Research Results in Poland and Great Britain

System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment

Volume 7 (2025): Issue 1 (December 2025)

By: Anna Korombel and Olga Ławińska

Open Access

|Feb 2026

Abstract

The aim of the research was to identify, compare and evaluate Generation Z’s expectations towards the qualities and competencies of their direct supervisors. The study was conducted amongst students in Poland and Great Britain in 2021 and 2023. The study employed a survey method, specifically the CAWI survey technique. Measures of descriptive statistics were used to analyze the research data. The survey made it possible to identify the qualities and competencies of direct supervisors expected by Generation Z, as well as to examine the relationship between respondents’ answers and their gender. In several cases, gender significantly differentiated the analyzed variables. The results also allowed to determine differences in the expectations of Generation Z representatives in Poland and Great Britain regarding the qualities and competencies of their direct supervisors.

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2025-0049 | Journal eISSN: 2657-5450

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Language: English

Page range: 531 - 550

Submitted on: Nov 6, 2025

Accepted on: Dec 29, 2025

Published on: Feb 22, 2026

Published by: Quality and Production Managers Association

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Generation Z,

enterprise,

management,

desirable features and competencies,

direct supervisor

Related subjects:

Business and economics,

Business management,

Business management, other,

Engineering,

Mechanical engineering,

Production technology,

Social sciences,

Sociology,

Sociology of science, technology, and environment,

Communication science,

Interpersonal communication

© 2026 Anna Korombel, Olga Ławińska, published by Quality and Production Managers Association
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 7 (2025): Issue 1 (December 2025)