Systematic Investigation of Migration and Decay Characteristics of Sweeteners in Cigarette Tipping Paper: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Stability Implications

Shifan Rong; Meiting Zhao; Ning Shao; Shuo Song; Peng Zou; Xiaolan Zhu

doi:10.2478/cttr-2026-0007

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Systematic Investigation of Migration and Decay Characteristics of Sweeteners in Cigarette Tipping Paper: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Stability Implications

Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

Volume 35 (2026): Issue 2 (April 2026)

By: Shifan Rong, Meiting Zhao, Ning Shao, Shuo Song, Peng Zou and Xiaolan Zhu

Open Access

|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

The HPLC-MS/MS chromatogram of five sweeteners.1 – Acesulfame, 2 – Saccharin sodium, 3 – Sucralose, 4 – Aspartame, 5 – Neotame.

The transfer rate of sweeteners in tipping paper from mono-component and hybrid-component stock solutions.

The decay rate of mono-sweetener on the cigarette tipping paper.

The decay rates of hybrid-sweeteners on the cigarette tipping paper. Acs = Acesulfame, Suc = Sucralose, Neo = Neotame, Asp = Aspartame, Sac = Sodium saccharine.

The decay rate of mono-component sweeteners on the cigarette tipping paper under 60 °C and 90 °C.

The transformation process of sucralose (a) and aspartame (b).

The optimal decay kinetics model of sweeteners in three stages. (a) Acesulfame, (b) Sucralose, (c) Neotame, (d) Aspartame, (e) Sodium saccharin.

The optimal decay kinetics model in three stages of five sweeteners coated on the cigarette tipping paper_

Sweetener	Days	k	R²	n	The optimal kinetics model
Acesulfame (S1)	0–30	7.53	0.9997	0.96	Korsmeyer-Peppas
	30–70	2.53	0.9666	0.39	Korsmeyer-Peppas
	70–180	4446.25	0.9356	0.0062	Korsmeyer-Peppas
Sucralose (S2)	0–30	44.04	0.9988	0.34	Korsmeyer-Peppas
	30–70	93.69	0.9095	0.11	Korsmeyer-Peppas
	70–180	93.62	0.9482	0.12	Korsmeyer-Peppas
Neotame (S3)	0–30	0.058	0.9839	1	Zero-order
	30–70	0.0053	0.8961	1	Zero-order
	70–180	0.0011	0.9241	1	Zero-order
Aspartame (S4)	0–30	0.067	0.9998	1	Zero-order
	30–70	0.0032	1.0000	0.9958	Korsmeyer-Peppas
	70–180	1.71	0.9077	0.05	Korsmeyer-Peppas
Sodium saccharin (S5)	0–30	33.18	0.9995	0.93	Korsmeyer-Peppas
	30–70	68296.14	0.8062	0.0027	Korsmeyer-Peppas
	70–180	6.89	1.0000	1	Zero-order

The detail information of cigarette tipping paper samples' stock solutions_

Sample	Label	Detailed information
Mono-component samples	S1	Acesulfame 2%
	S2	Sucralose 1%
	S3	Neotame 0.1%
	S4	Aspartame 0.1%
	S5	Sodium saccharin 2%
Hybrid-component samples	F1	Sucralose 1% + Neotame 0.1%
Hybrid-component samples	F2	Acesulfame 2% + Sodium saccharin 2% + Aspartame 0.1%

The physicochemical properties of five sweeteners_

Sweetener	Molecular weight (g/mol)	pK_a	Water solubility (mg/L)	Sweetness value^a
Acesulfame (Acs) C₄H₄KNO₄S	201242	20	9.1 × 10⁵	200
Sucralose (Suc) C₁₂H₁₉C₁₃O₈	397634	125	2.82 × 10⁵	600
Neotame (Neo) C₂₀H₃₀N₂O₅	373463	4.1, 7.7	1.26 × 10⁴	8000
Aspartame (Asp) C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅	294303	2.9, 7.3	5.65 × 10⁴	200
Sodium saccharin (Sac) C₇H₄NNaO₃S	205170	13	3.3 × 10⁵	450

The decay time point of sweeteners and the proposed shelf life of cigarette tipping paper_

Sample	Sweetener	Decay rate (%)				Proposed Shelf life (day)
Sample	Sweetener	30 days	45 days	60 days	180 days	Proposed Shelf life (day)
S1	Acesulfame	11.26	11.40	11.47	13.12	30~180
S2	Sucralose	19.28	19.94	21.32	24.20	60~180
S3	Neotame	12.47	12.76	13.99	14.92	45~180
S4	Aspartame	12.16	12.53	12.96	13.69	30~180
S5	Sodium saccharin	19.71	23.73	23.77	23.96	45~180
F2	Acesulfame	17.86	18.49	18.80	19.66	30~180
F1	Sucralose	23.13	25.50	25.80	28.50	45~180
F1	Neotame	10.75	11.67	11.98	13.21	30~180
F2	Aspartame	14.24	15.44	15.64	16.73	30~180
F2	Sodium saccharin	13.92	14.03	14.10	14.50	30~180

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2026-0007 | Journal eISSN: 2719-9509

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Language: English

Page range: 90 - 103

Submitted on: Jan 15, 2026

Accepted on: Feb 23, 2026

Published on: Jun 20, 2026

Published by: Beiträge zur Tabakforschung GmbH

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

Sweetener,

decay characteristics,

HPLC-MS/MS,

shelf life of cigarette

Related subjects:

General interest,

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other,

Physics,

Physics, other

© 2026 Shifan Rong, Meiting Zhao, Ning Shao, Shuo Song, Peng Zou, Xiaolan Zhu, published by Beiträge zur Tabakforschung GmbH
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

Volume 35 (2026): Issue 2 (April 2026)

Systematic Investigation of Migration and Decay Characteristics of Sweeteners in Cigarette Tipping Paper: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Stability Implications

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

The optimal decay kinetics model in three stages of five sweeteners coated on the cigarette tipping paper_

The detail information of cigarette tipping paper samples' stock solutions_

The physicochemical properties of five sweeteners_

The decay time point of sweeteners and the proposed shelf life of cigarette tipping paper_

Paradigm

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