Have a personal or library account? Click to login
A Comprehensive Study of Biodegradation of Cigarette Filters and Bidi Butts Cover

A Comprehensive Study of Biodegradation of Cigarette Filters and Bidi Butts

Open Access
|Dec 2022

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Mechanism of degradation of cellulose acetate.
Mechanism of degradation of cellulose acetate.

Figure 2

Schematic diagram of experimental setup for measuring the amount of carbon dioxide evolved.
Schematic diagram of experimental setup for measuring the amount of carbon dioxide evolved.

Figure 3

Degree of biodegradation of test samples.
Degree of biodegradation of test samples.

Figure 4

GPC Chromatogram of cellulose acetate filter – A. Control (smoked filter) and B. Sample (resulting compost of smoked filter).
GPC Chromatogram of cellulose acetate filter – A. Control (smoked filter) and B. Sample (resulting compost of smoked filter).

Figure 5

GPC Chromatogram of combined material filter – A. Control (smoked filter) and B. Sample (resulting compost of smoked filter).
GPC Chromatogram of combined material filter – A. Control (smoked filter) and B. Sample (resulting compost of smoked filter).

Figure 6

GPC Chromatogram for DE-Tow™ filter – A. Control (smoked filter) and B. Sample (resulting compost of smoked filter).
GPC Chromatogram for DE-Tow™ filter – A. Control (smoked filter) and B. Sample (resulting compost of smoked filter).

Degree of biodegradation and percentage variation between the samples_

Serial No.Sample identityExperimental dayRep-1Rep-2Rep-3MeanVariance in % biodegradation
1CTEC filter3795.690.799.795.30.28−4.864.58
2Bidi butt5491.690.993.792.1−0.51−1.271.77
3IP filter5598.390.391.593.45.28−3.28−2.00
4CMF filter8699.798.890.396.23.572.63−6.20
5DE-TowTM filter9795.090.190.591.93.41−1.92−1.49
6CA filter15190.192.294.192.1−2.210.072.13

Result of compost analysis_

Serial No.ParametersResultSpecification as per ISO 14855-1Analytical Method
1Total dry solids (%)52.050 – 55ISO 14855-1
2pH of compost8.777 – 9ISO 14855-1
3Total volatile solids of compost (%)29.7# 30ISO 14855-1
4Organic carbon (%)10.8In-house validated method using CHNS* analyzer
5Total nitrogen (%)2.04In-house validated method using Kjeldahl apparatus (KjelMaster K 375)
6C/N Ratio5.29ISO 14855-1
7Total Plate Count, cfu/g (TPC)8.5 × 105IS 5402Part 1:2021
8Yeast and Mould, cfu/g (YMC)2.0 × 104IS 5403:1999 (Reaffirmed 2018)

Validity of the test_

ParametersResultSpecification
Degree of biodegradation of reference materials70% in 38 days70% in 45 days
CO2 per g of volatile solids after 10 days (mg/g)97.0 mg/g of volatile solids50–150 mg of CO2/g of volatile solids after 10 days of incubation
Difference between % biodegradation of the reference material2.24 – 6.35%Less than 20%
Language: English
Page range: 151 - 161
Submitted on: Dec 1, 2021
Accepted on: Sep 15, 2022
Published on: Dec 10, 2022
Published by: Institut für Tabakforschung GmbH
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2022 Sudesna Parida, Santhosh Prabhu, Tarur Konikkaledom Dinesh, Kamal Kumar Tyagi, published by Institut für Tabakforschung GmbH
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.