Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Societal-Military (Mis)Alignments in Slovenia: A Socio-Structural Inquiry Cover

Societal-Military (Mis)Alignments in Slovenia: A Socio-Structural Inquiry

By: Gašper Ferme  
Open Access
|Mar 2026

References

  1. Bacevich, A. J., Kohn, R. H., 1997. Grand Army of the Republicans: Has the U.S. Military Becoma a Partisan Force? The New Republic 217, pp 22–25.
  2. Bacevich, A., 2013. Breach of trust. How Americans failed their soldiers and their country. New York, NY: Henry Holt.
  3. Bebler, A., 2005. Civil-military relations and democratic control of the armed forces in Slovenia. In Bebler, A. (ed.). Sodobno vojaštvo in družba, pp 87–97. Ljubljana: FDV.
  4. Bebler, A., 2017. Izzivi vojne in miru. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za družbene vede.
  5. Burbach, D. T., 2019,. Partisan dimensions of confidence in the U.S. military, 1973–2016. Armed Forces & Society, 45(2): pp 211–233.
  6. Caforio, G., Kummel, G., 2005. Military Missions and Their Implications Reconsidered: The Aftermath of September 11th. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  7. Cohn, L., 1999. The evolution of the Civil-Military “gap” debate. Paper prepared for the triangle institute security studies project on the gap between the military and civil society. http://tiss-nc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Cohn_Evolution-of-GapDebate-1999.pdf (Accessed 20 May 2025).
  8. De Angelis, K. K., Kelty, R., Ender, M. G., Rohall, D. E., Matthews, M. D., 2022. Ubiquity with a Dark Side: Civil-Military Gaps in Social Media Usage. In De Baseggio, E. M., Schneider, O., in Szvircsev Tresch, T. (Eds.). Social Media and the Armed Forces, pp 15–30. Springer.
  9. Dempsey, J. K., 2010. Our Army: Soldiers, Politics, and American Civil–Military Relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
  10. Fallows, J., 2015. The Tragedy of the American Military. Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/the-tragedy-of-the-americanmilitary/383516/ (Accessed 20 May 2025).
  11. Feaver, D., Kohn, R. H., 2001. Soldiers and Civilians: The Civil-Military Gap and American National Security. Cambridge, MA in London: MIT Press.
  12. Feaver, D., Gelpi, C., 2005. Choosing Your Battles: American Civil–Military Relations and the Use of Force. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
  13. Fordham, B., 2001. Military interests and civilian politics: the influence of the civil–military gap on peacetime military policy. In Feaver, D., Kohn, R. H., (Eds.). Soldiers and Civilians: The Civil-Military Gap and American National Security, pp 327–360. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  14. Franke, J., 2012. Wie integriert ist die Bundeswehr? Eine Untersuchung zur Integrationssituation der Bundeswehr als Verteidigungs- und Einsatzarmee. Nomos.
  15. Furlan, B., 2012. Civilni nadzor in delovanje vojske [doktorska disertacija, Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede]. http://dk.fdv.unilj.si/doktorska_dela/pdfs/dr_furlan-branimir.PDF
  16. Garb, M., 2009. Divergentno in konvergentno v odnosu med vojsko in družbo. Teorija in praksa: revija za družbena vprašanja 46(1/2), 105–125.
  17. Garb, M., Jelušič, L., 2005. The Cultural Gap Between the Military and the Parent Society in Slovenia. In Caforio, G., Kummel, G. (Eds.), Military Missions and their Implications Reconsidered: The Aftermath of September 11th. Elsevir, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/S1572-8323(05)02011-4.
  18. Garb, M., 2017. Divergent or convergent trends in professional military education in Slovenia? Journal of defence resources management 8(2): pp 31–41.
  19. Garb, M., Malešič, M., 2016. The causes of trust and distrust in the military. Defence & Security Analysis 32(1): pp 64–78.
  20. Golby, J., Karlin, M., 2018. Why “Best Military Advice” is Bad for the Military – and Worse for Civilians. Orbis, 62(1): pp 137–153.
  21. Grizold, A., 1997. Civil-Military Relations in Slovenia. In Bebler, A. (Ed.). Civil-Military Relations in Post-Communist States: Central and Eastern Europe in Transition, pp 101–109. Westport; London: Praeger.
  22. Grizold, A., 2001. Civilian Control of the Armed Forces in Slovenia. Politička misao 38(5), pp 123–127.
  23. Hafner-Fink, M., Štebe, J., Malnar, B., Uhan, S., Kurdija, S., Malešič, M., 2013. Slovensko javno mnenje 2012/1 : Raziskava o nacionalni in mednarodni varnosti, Mednarodna raziskava o družini in spreminjanju spolnih vlog IV., Primerjalna raziskava volilnih sistemov CSES V. in Longitudinalni program SJM 2012. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za družbene vede.
  24. Harig, C., Jenne, N., Ruffa, C., 2022. Operational experineces, military role conceptions, and their influence on civil military relations. European Journal of International Security 7(1): pp 1–17.
  25. Hillen, J., 1998. The Civilian-Military Gap: Keep it, Defend it, Manage it. Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 124, pp 2–4.
  26. Hillen, J., 1999. Must U.S. Military Culture Reform? Orbis 43, pp 43–57.
  27. Hines, L. A., Gribble, R., Wessely, S., Dandeker, C., Fear, N. T., 2015. Are the Armed Forces Understood and Supported by the Public? A View from the United Kingdom. Armed Forces & Society 41(4): pp 688–713.
  28. Holsti, O. R., 1998. A Widening Gap between the U.S. Military and Civilian Society?: Some Evidence, 1976–96. International Security 23(3): pp 5–42.
  29. Huntington, S. P., 1957. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of CivilMilitary Relations. New York: Vintage Books.
  30. Janowitz, M., 1960. The Professional Soldier, a Social and Political Portrait Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1960.
  31. Jelušič, L., 1997. Legitimnost sodobnega vojaštva. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za družbene vede.
  32. Jelušič, L., et al., 2005. Slovenian Public Opinion 2005/2: National and International Security and International Electoral Survey [data file]. Slovenia, Ljubljana: Faculty of Social Sciences, Archive of Social Data.
  33. Jelušič, L., Garb, M., 2005. The Cultural Gap Between the Military and the Parent Society in Slovenia. In Caforio, G., Kummel, G. (Eds.). Military Missions and their implications Reconsidered: The Aftermath of September 11th, pp 171–192. Elsevir.
  34. Kitfield, J., 2000. The Pen and the Sword. Government Executive 32, pp 18–28.
  35. Liebert, H., Golby, J., 2017. Midlife crisis? The all-volunteer force at 40. Armed Forces & Society 43(1): pp 115–138.
  36. Malešič, M., 2012. The Contemporary Military: Between Public Indifference and Trust. Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Scienecs 5(3): pp 21–40.
  37. Malešič, M., et al., 2007. Slovensko javno mnenje 2007/1: Mednarodna raziskava vrednot [data file]. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede, Center za raziskovanje javnega mnenja in množičnih komunikacij. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede, Arhiv družboslovnih podatkov.
  38. Malešič, M., et al., 2009. Slovensko javno mnenje 1992/1: Mednarodna raziskava vrednot [data file]. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede, Center za raziskovanje javnega mnenja in množičnih komunikacij. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede, Arhiv družboslovnih podatkov.
  39. Malešič, M., et al., 2012. Slovenian Public Opinion 2012/1: Opinions about National and International Security [data file]. Ljubljana: Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Public Opinion Research and Mass Media. Slovenia, Ljubljana: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, Archive of Social Data.
  40. Malešič, M., Jelušič, L., Garb, M., Vuga Beršnak, J., Kopač, E., Juvan, J., 2015. Small, but Smart?: The Structural and Functional Professionalization of the Slovenian Armed Forces. The Military and Social Research 49. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
  41. Moskos, C. C., 1977. From Institution to Occupation: Trends in Military Organization. Armed Forces & Society 4(1): pp 41–50.
  42. Rahbek-Clemmensen, J., Archer, E. M., Barr, J., Belkin, A., Guerrero, M., Hall, C., Swain, K. E. O., 2012. Conceptualizing the Civil–Military Gap: A Research Note. Armed Forces & Society, 38(4): pp 669–678.
  43. Ricks, T. E., 1997. The Widening Gap between the Military and Society. The Atlantic Monthly 221(20): pp 66–78.
  44. Schake, K., Mattis, J. (Eds.) (2016). Warriors and Citizens: American Views of Our Military. Stanford, CA: Hoover Inst. Press.
  45. Strachan, H., 2003. The Civil-Military »gap« in Britain. Journal of Strategic Studies 26(2): pp 43–63.
  46. Thomson, M. M., Hendriks, T., Piasentin, K., Holton, T., Febbraro, A., Gill, R., 2019. Canada’s Civil-Military Seminar: An Approach to Narrowing the Civil-Military Gap. Armed Forces and Society 45(3): pp 430–451.
  47. Urben, H. A., 2013. Party, politics and deciding what is proper: army officers’ attitudes after two long wars. Orbis 57(3): pp 351–368.
  48. Vennesson, P., 2003. Civil-Military Relations in France: Is There a Gap? Journal of Strategic Studies 26(2): pp 29–42.
  49. Vuga Beršnak, J., 2014. Safety Bubble versus Risk Awarness: Casualty aversion among the Slovenian Public. Armed Forces & Society 40(2): pp 357–381.
  50. Vuga Beršnak, J., 2019–2023. Vojaškospecifični dejavniki tveganja za dobrobit in zdravje vojaških družin. Temeljni znanstvenoraziskovalni projekt. ARRS številka J51786.
  51. Vuga Beršnak, J., 2021. Kulturne značilnosti slovenske družbe in njen odnos do varnosti : vojska na stičišču zahtev države, pričakovanj družbe in lastne pohlepnosti. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za družbene vede.
  52. Webb, J. H., Jr., 2000. Interview James Webb. Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 126, pp 78–81.
  53. Zwald, Z., Berejikian, J. D., 2022. Is There a Public–Military Gap in the United States? Evaluating Foundational Foreign Policy Beliefs. Armed Forces & Society 48(4): pp. 982–1002.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cmc-2026-0006 | Journal eISSN: 2463-9575 | Journal ISSN: 2232-2825
Language: English, Slovenian
Page range: 75 - 100
Published on: Mar 31, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Gašper Ferme, published by General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.