References
- Africa Centre for Strategic Studies, 2022. Surge in Militant Islamist Violence in the Sahel Dominates Africa’s Fight against Extremists. Available at: https://africacenter.org/spotlight/mig2022-01-surge-militant-islamist-violence-sahel-dominates-africa-fight-extremists/ (Accessed: 10 November 2023).
- Africa Defence Forum, 2023a. Instability Drives Proliferation of Small Arms, Light Weapons in Sahel Region. Available at: https://adf-magazine.com/2023/11/instability-drives-proliferation-of-small-arms-light-weapons-in-sahel-region/ (Accessed: 10 November 2023).
- Africa Defence Forum, 2023b. Ancient Sahel Trade Routes Used to Traffic Illegal Weapons, Drugs. Available at: https://adf-magazine.com/2023/06/ancient-sahel-trade-routes--used-to-traffic-illegal-weapons-drugs/ (Accessed: 10 November 2023).
- Avis, W. R., 2019. Current Trends in Violent Conflict. K4D Helpdesk Reports. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5cf669ace5274a07692466db/565_Trends_in_Violent_Conflict.pdf (Accessed: 12 November 2023).
- Armed Conflict Survey, 2022. Sub-Saharan Africa. Armed Conflict Survey, 8(1), pp 200–321, DOI: 10.1080/23740973.2022.2135793.
- Bricman, U., 2018. Podnebne spremembe, degradacija okolja in konflikti v Sahelu (Climate change, environmental degradation and conflicts in the Sahel), Fakulteta za družbene vede.
- Cilliers, J., 2018. Violence in Africa: Trends, Drivers and Prospects to 2023. Africa Report 12, 30 August 2018, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3254122 (Accessed: 5 November 2023).
- Collier, P., 2007. Ethnic Civil Wars: Securing the Post-Conflict Peace. Harvard International Review 28, pp 56–60
- Collier, P., and Hoeffler, A., 2004. Greed and Grievance in Civil War. Oxford Economic Papers 56, pp 563–95.
- FAO, 2021. Burkina Faso: Analysis of Conflicts over the Exploitation of Natural Resources. Available at: https://www.fao.org/3/cb6023en/cb6023en.pdf (Accessed: 5 November 2023).
- Fragile States Index, 2023. Fragile States Index. Available at: https://fragilestatesindex.org/ (Accessed: 10 November 2023).
- GSDRC, 2014. Conflict Analysis of Mauritania. Available at: https://gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/GSDRC_ConflAnal_Mauritania.pdf (Accessed: 5 November 2023).
- Goodhand, J., 2003. Enduring disorder and persistent poverty: a review of the linkages between war and chronic poverty. World Dev 31, pp 629–646.
- Hammer, T., 2005. Sahel – Geographische Strukturen, Entwicklungen, Probleme. Stuttgart: Klett-Perthes Verlag.
- Hall, E. L., 2009. Conflict for Resources: Water in the Lake Chad Basin. Available at: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA505231.pdf (Accessed: 15 November 2023).
- Hirshleifer, J., 1995. Theorizing about Conflict. In K. Hartley and T. Sandler (Eds),
- Handbook of Defense Economics, Vol. 1, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 165–89.
- Kett, M., and Rowson, M., 2007. Drivers of Violent Conflict. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 100(9), pp 403–406, DOI: 10.1177/014107680710000912.
- Nafziger, E. W., and Auvinen, J., 2003. Economic Development, Inequality and War: Humanitarian Emergencies in Developing Countries. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Nnamdi, K. D., Duhu, J. O., and Ngwu, E. C. 2022. Rethinking the Lake Chad Herder--Farmer Conflicts and Food Security in Nigeria. University of Nigeria Journal of Political Economy, 12(2), pp 439–451.
- Rasmussen, K., 1999. Land degradation in the Sahel-Sudan: the conceptual basis. In Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bind si02. Available at: https://tidsskrift.dk/geografisktidsskrift/article/view/42468/49399 (Accessed: 15 November 2023).
- Schafer, H., 2018. The drivers of conflict: where climate, gender and infrastructure intersect. Available at: https://blogs.worldbank.org/dev4peace/drivers-conflict-where-climate--gender-and-infrastructure-intersect (Accessed: 20 October 2023).
- Trayo, A., 2018. Mitigating the Sahel Security Conundrum: The Need for a Strategic Paradigm Shift. Africa Policy Journal, 13, pp 3–13.
- Trench, P., Rowley, J., Diarra, M., Sano, F., and Keita, B., 2007. Beyond any drought: root causes of chronic vulnerability in the Sahel. The Sahel Working Group. Available at: https://www.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/G02317.pdf (Accessed: 20 October 2023).
- TOCTA Sahel, 2022. Firearms Trafficking in the Sahel. Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment — Sahe. Available at: https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta_sahel/TOCTA_Sahel_firearms_2023.pdf (Accessed: 20 October 2023).
- The World Bank, 2023. Poverty Headcount Ratio. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY (Accessed: 15 November 2023).
- UNHCR Climate Risk Profile: Sahel, 2023. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/en/media/representative-concentration-pathways-climate-risk-profile-sahel-region (Accessed: 20 October 2023).
- UCDP, 2023. Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Available at: https://ucdp.uu.se/ (Accessed: 15 October 2023).
- World Bank and United Nations, 2018. Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict, Main Messages and Emerging Policy Directions. Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/28337/211162mm.pdf?-sequence=2&isAllowed=y (Accessed: 3 November 2023).