Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Efficiency of Polish Museums‘ Activities in Terms of Attracting Visitors and Event Participants Cover

Efficiency of Polish Museums‘ Activities in Terms of Attracting Visitors and Event Participants

Open Access
|Nov 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

The model of the study of museums adopted in the analysis
Source: own elaboration
The model of the study of museums adopted in the analysis Source: own elaboration

Figure 2.

Histograms of efficiency indicators
Source: own elaboration
Histograms of efficiency indicators Source: own elaboration

Figure 3.

Comparison of the efficiency of museums in individual divisions in relation to the average measure of efficiency for each
Source: own elaboration
Comparison of the efficiency of museums in individual divisions in relation to the average measure of efficiency for each Source: own elaboration

A list of museums fully efficient in both divisions

Name of the MuseumDiv1Div2Managing Body
Central Museum of Prisoners-of-War1.001.00Voivodeship
Museum – House of the Pilecki Family in Ostrów Mazowiecki1.001.00MCNH
Museum - Manors of the Karwacjan and Gładysz Families in Gorlice1.001.00Voivodeship
Museum – Górków Castle in Szamotuły1.001.00District
Museum of the Battle of Grunwald in Stębark1.001.00Voivodeship
Częstochowa Museum1.001.00District
Museum of the History of the Polish People’s Movement in Warsaw1.001.00Voivodeship
Historical Museum in Lubin1.001.00Commune
Royal Łazienki Museum in Warsaw1.001.00MCNH
Museum of the City of Jaworzno1.001.00District
Dzierżoniów City Museum1.001.00Commune
The National Museum in Warsaw1.001.00MCNH
District Museum in Sieradz1.001.00District
Museum of King Jan III’s Palace at Wilanów1.001.00MCNH
Regional Museum in Kościan1.001.00Commune
Stanisław Staszic Museum in Piła1.001.00Commune
Stutthof Museum in Sztutowo1.001.00MCNH
Museum in Praszka1.001.00Commune
Armoury Museum at the Liw Castle1.001.00Voivodeship
Museum of the Sącz Land in Nowy Sącz1.001.00Voivodeship

j_ceej-2025-0022_tab_003

Lp.Objectives of the Museum’s Activities According to the ActName of the Report/SurveyScope of Data
1Collection of monuments in the statutorily defined scopeReport K-02
  • Question: The Museum has a statute or regulations agreed with the minister competent for culture and national heritage,

  • Question: Types of museum/section (art, archaeological, historical, etc.)

  • Section 2. Museum collections, live specimens (Categories of exhibits/deposits)

Survey KK-3 DUSection: Exhibition activities
2Cataloguing and scientific processing of the collected collectionsReport K-02
  • Question: Does the Museum keep electronic records of collections?

  • Section: Museum collections, live specimens (in inventory items, in pieces)

Survey KK-3 ZZ
  • Section: Collections and records

  • Section: Cataloguing

  • Section: Control of registration documentation with the actual state of affairs and losses

  • Section: Digitization process of collections

3Storage of the collected artefacts in conditions ensuring their proper state of preservation and safety, and storing them in a manner accessible for scientific purposesReport K-02Section: Storage and conservation (museum exhibitions are located in one object, Storage space)
Survey KK-3 IB
  • Questions:

  • Did the museum have storage rooms?

  • Was the storage space sufficient for the current harvest quantity?

  • Did the museum control the environmental conditions of storing the collections in warehouses?

  • What factors were controlled in the collection warehouses?

  • What percentage of the area of the collection warehouses was provided with satisfactory/inappropriate environmental conditions?

  • Did the museum control the environmental conditions in the exhibition spaces?

  • What factors were controlled in the exhibition spaces?

  • What percentage of the exhibition areas were provided with satisfactory/inappropriate environmental conditions?

  • Was there a fire route to the museum?

  • Which fixed fire extinguishing devices (SUG)12 were used in the museum to protect the collection rooms?

  • Section: Fire protection

  • Section: Technical security

  • Section: Physical Security

  • Section: Preparing the museum for special events

4Securing and conservation of collections and, as far as possible, securing immovable archaeological monuments and other immovable objects of material culture and natureReport K-02Section: Storage and conservation (number of exhibits subjected to conservation during the year)
Survey KK-3 ZZSection: Maintenance
5Organization of permanent and temporary exhibitionsReport K-02
  • Section: Exhibitions in Poland, Section: Exhibitions abroad (Temporary, permanent: number of exhibitions and number of visitors),

  • Section: on-line activities (exhibitions)

6Organizing research and scientific expeditions, including archaeological
7Conducting educational activitiesReport K-02
  • Section: Other cultural, scientific and educational activities (museum lessons and workshops)

  • Section: On-line activities (educational and popularisation activities: number of activities and number of participants)

8Supporting and conducting artistic and cultural dissemination activities;Report K-02Section: Other cultural, scientific and educational activities (number of events and number of participants: Lectures/lectures/meetings, Concerts, Film screenings)
9Making collections available for educational and scientific purposesReport K-02
  • Section: Other cultural, scientific and educational activities (Curatorial tours),

  • Section: Digitization of collections (Number of digitized items: available in digital catalogs)

Survey KK-3 OZQuestion: Access to public information in the reporting period
Survey KK-3 DUSection: Scientific activity Section: Educational activity
10Ensuring appropriate conditions for visiting and using the collections and collected informationReport K-02
  • Questions:

  • - A facility adapted to the needs of people with disabilities?

  • - Exhibitions adapted to the needs of people with disabilities?

  • Section: Visitors (number of visitors according to various criteria, e.g. in organized groups, foreigners)

Survey KK-3 OZQuestion: Availability of the museum/branch offer for visitors in the last reporting year (Number of days when the museum was open / branch was open to visitors, Total number of opening hours of the museum/branch in the last reporting year)
Survey KK-3 IBSection: Architectural accessibility (What solutions ensuring the accessibility of horizontal and vertical communication were used in the building/buildings?)
Survey KK-3 DU
  • Questions:

  • Were the permanent exhibitions accessible in accordance with the Act of 19 July 2019 on ensuring accessibility for people with special needs in terms of architecture, information and communication, and digital?

  • Were self-guided tours offered for at least one of the permanent exhibitions? Was guided tour/museum educator offered for the permanent exhibitions?

11Conducting publishing activitiesReport K-02Section: Publishing activity (number of titles divided into magazines and books, circulation)
Survey KK-3 DUSection: Publishing activity

j_ceej-2025-0022_tab_004

AutorInputs (I)/Outputs (O)/Intermediate inputs/outputs (Inter. I/O), Carry-over link (C-O)Exogenous, external, environmental factorsMethodologyCountryNr objectPeriod
Del Barrio-Tellado & Herrero-Prieto (2022)
  • I: Staff, No. of facilities and equipment

  • Inter. I/O: No. of exhibitions scheduled, No. of dissemination & educational activities, No. publications (research and dissemination)

  • C-O: Surface area of museum in m2, No. of open rooms to public in the museum

  • O: Collection movement (loans, acquisitions, addictions), No. Total visitors (free and fees)

-Dynamic network SBM (DNSBM), dynamic Malmquist index based on DNSBMSpain232008–2015
Del Barrio-Tellado & Herrero-Prieto (2019)
  • SBM:

  • I: Surface area of museum in m2, No. of facilities and equipment, Museum staff

  • O: No. of exhibitions scheduled, No. of publications (research and dissemination), No. of dissemination and educational activities, Visitors

  • NSBM:

  • I: Surface area of museum in m2, No. of facilities and equipment, Museum staff

  • Inter. I/O: No. of exhibitions scheduled, No. of publications (research and dissemination), No. of dissemination and educational activities

  • O: Visitors

No. of protected/listed cultural goods in the province, No. of hotel beds per km2 in the province, Km of motorway in the province, Institutions Dummy variable (Central/Regional Government), Years since it was opened, GDP per inhabitant in the regionSBM, Super-SBM, two-stage efficiency analysis (SBM, Super-SBM, SBM network + truncated regression)Spain222008 and 2015
Kim & Chung (2019)
  • I: Building Area, Number of curators employed, Number of Special exhibitions, Operational Costs

  • O: Total number of visitors, Percentage of visitors who returned to the museum, Loyal visitor rate (Percentage of visitors who visited the museum more than five times)

-SBM, Super-SBMKorea132016
Haruna et al. (2012)
  • I: Square measure, Number of collections, Number of staff, A curator’s rate, Access distance, Ambient population, Exchange population, A held expense, Store items purchase cost, Education spread cost, Maintenance repair cost

  • Inter. I/O: Number of the pay viewers, Number of extension service mobilization (1998–2003), Number of volunteer members, Number of associate members O: Short term income, Number of outside activities, Number of users, long term income

-SBM, network SBMJapan491998 and 2006
Plaček et al. (2017b)
  • I: the number of employees and the contribution of the founder (which express as the difference between the total costs and the museum’s own revenues)

  • O: the number of visitors to the museum, the number of exhibitions, and the number of expositions

The proportion of college graduates in population, self-sufficiency of municipalities (% share of own revenue from the total income of municipality, Debts/Net assets – expresses the share of municipality’s liabilities to the net assets of the municipality), Density of inhabitants, The average age of the municipality inhabitants, Share of households with the internet, The share of unemployed in the region, Number of public libraries in the region, GDP per capita of the region, Number of economic entities per inhabitant of the municipalityCCR, Regression OLS modelCzech Republic762015
Guccio et al. (2020a)I: Personnel, Exhibition space O: No. of total visitors, No. of visitors paying entrance fee, No. of visitors with free entrance, No. of temporary exhibitions, No. of visitors of temporary exhibitionsICT services in museums: smartphone and tablet apps, multimedia devices, QR codes and PC/tablet devices, website, online catalogue, online ticket office, virtual visit, social media accounts, online selling of photos and prints, merchandising, newsletter and web community2-stage DEAItaly1072017
Šebová (2018)
  • I: Number of branches, Own facilities, Number of expositions, Collection (number), Capital expenditures, Total expenditures, Operating costs, Employees, Expert staff, Average salaries of employees

  • O: Digitalization, New expositions, Maintenance of collections, new collections (number pcs of collection objects), Exhibitions, Own exhibitions, Events, Visitors, Foreign visitors, Non-paying visitors, Editorial activities, Grants and donations, Revenues, Earned returns

-CCR, BCCSlovakia112015

Museums that are most often components of benchmarks

Name of the MuseumDivision 1Division 2
Museum - Manors of the Karwacjan and Gładysz Families in Gorlice1260
Museum of the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw044
Henryk Sienkiewicz Museum in Wola Okrzejska1137
Royal Łazienki Museum in Warsaw26152
Museum of King Jan III’s Palace at Wilanów699
Museum of Papermaking in Duszniki Zdrój950
Armoury Museum at the Liw Castle041
Museum of the Krajeńska Land in Nakło nad Notecią530
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2025-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2543-6821 | Journal ISSN: 2544-9001
Language: English
Page range: 368 - 389
Submitted on: Jun 22, 2025
Accepted on: Oct 14, 2025
Published on: Nov 26, 2025
Published by: Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Łukasz Brzezicki, Artur Prędki, published by Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.