Map 1.
![Spatial differences in the unemployment rate by county in 2008–2021 [%]Source: Own elaboration](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6597e203b81b0e1a1e5cc91e/j_ceej-2024-0028_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251008%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251008T182800Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=119c15dc97238eba2a0f72e7261cf0868f1c5c1d1b0c4c786caa0f214a65fc4e&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Chart 1.
![Change pattern of the unemployment rate by macroregions in 2008–2021 [%]Source: Own elaboration](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6597e203b81b0e1a1e5cc91e/j_ceej-2024-0028_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251008%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251008T182800Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=08c72f9b76edd44c4b66827b92a3c66fc692cd3e8fb6eb1ceb51d283fd3c18ae&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Map 2.
![Spatial differences in labour productivity by county in 2008–2021 [PLN million/worker, constant prices from 2021]Source: Own elaboration](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6597e203b81b0e1a1e5cc91e/j_ceej-2024-0028_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251008%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251008T182800Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=cc8a44e3ae9aff0469eac58771edc4b2996dc2e0bbc42e27723e9d9b360aa1ea&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Chart 2.
![Change pattern of labour productivity by macroregions in 2008–2021 [PLN million/worker, constant prices from 2021]Source: Own elaboration](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6597e203b81b0e1a1e5cc91e/j_ceej-2024-0028_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251008%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251008T182800Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=46ec285a35c58038d586118b4b7424a5309785ec581dd291b7cd226ff10d5a8e&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Map 3.
![Spatial wage differentials by county in 2008–2021 [PLN, constant prices from 2021]Source: Own elaboration](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6597e203b81b0e1a1e5cc91e/j_ceej-2024-0028_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251008%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251008T182800Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=e4eb207ea0605b2a9081e1065dfb3dece1e222dbe8abb24a3db54e2b51b9ed5d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Chart 3.
![Change pattern of gross wages by macroregions in 2008–2021 [PLN, constant prices from 2021]Source: Own elaboration](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6597e203b81b0e1a1e5cc91e/j_ceej-2024-0028_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251008%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251008T182800Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=ce53b788ce1c120b1b4e23b72f0bfad99fa53d945cb1785a7797dc16cad9fcad&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Estimates of the parameters in the equation describing relative wages, done using the SDM with time fixed effects
| SDM - spatial Durbin model | ||
|---|---|---|
| regressor | time fixed effects | |
| Main | uit | −0.7011*** (0.1253) |
|
| 0.0705*** (0.0119) | |
| constant | - | |
| θk | uit | 0.5399*** (0.1699) |
|
| 0.0037 (0.0128) | |
| ρ | 0.1923*** (0.0396) | |
| R2 | within | 0.6314 |
| between | 0.8254 | |
| overall | 0.7999 | |
| ll (model) | 5777.171 | |
| AIC | −11542.34 | |
| BIC | −11501.70 | |
| chi-square(5)=48.74 prob>=chi-square=0.0000 | ||