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Impact of TBTs on Trade in ICT Goods: Differentiating by Regulatory Objectives Cover

Impact of TBTs on Trade in ICT Goods: Differentiating by Regulatory Objectives

By:
Open Access
|Mar 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Source: WITS, COMTRADE, UNCTAD, WTO I-TIP, author’s elaboration
Source: WITS, COMTRADE, UNCTAD, WTO I-TIP, author’s elaboration

Figure 2.

Source: WTO I-TIP, author’s elaboration
Source: WTO I-TIP, author’s elaboration

Figure A1.

Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.
Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.

Figure A2.

Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.
Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.

Figure A3.

Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.
Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.

Figure A4.

Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.
Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.

Figure A5.

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Figure A6.

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Figure A7.

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Figure A8.

Note: Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.
Note: Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.

Figure A9.

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Figure A10.

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Figure A11.

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Figure A12.

Note: Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.
Note: Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.

Figure A13.

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Figure A14.

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Figure A15.

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Figure A16.

Note: Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.
Note: Darkest colour p<0.1, middle dark colour p<0.05, lightest colour p<0.01.

List of ICT products and their related categories in the HS 1996 version

CategoryCategory descriptionProduct code HS rev. 1996Product description
ICT01Computers and peripheral equipment847050Cash registers
847130Portable digital automatic data processing machines, weighing not more than 10 kg, consisting of at least a central processing unit, a keyboard and a display
847141Other digital automatic data processing machines: Comprising in the same housing are at least a central processing unit and an input and output unit, whether or not combined
847149Other digital automatic data processing machines: Other, presented in the form of systems
847150Digital processing units other than those of sub-headings 8471.41 and 8471.49, whether or not containing in the same housing one or two of the following types of unit: storage units, input units and output units
847160Input or output units, whether or not containing storage units in the same housing
847170Storage units
847180Other units of automatic data processing machines
847190Other
847290Other
847330Parts and accessories of the machines of heading No. 84.71
847350Parts and accessories equally suitable for use with machines of two or more of the headings Nos. 84.69 to 84.72
ICT02Communication equipment851711Telephone sets; videophones: Line telephone sets with cordless handsets
851719Telephone sets; videophones: Other
851750Other apparatus, for carrier-current line systems or for digital line systems
851780Other apparatus
851790Parts
852510Transmission apparatus
852520Transmission apparatus incorporating reception apparatus
853110Burglar or fire alarms and similar apparatus
ICT03Consumer electronic equipment851810Microphones and stands therefore
851821Loudspeakers, whether or not mounted in their enclosures; Single loudspeakers, mounted in their enclosures
851822Loudspeakers, whether or not mounted in their enclosures; Multiple loudspeakers, mounted in the same enclosure
851829Loudspeakers, whether or not mounted in their enclosures: Other
851830Headphones, earphones and combined microphone/speaker sets
851840Audio-frequency electric amplifiers
851850Electric sound amplifier sets
ICT03Consumer electronic equipment851890Parts
851939Turntables (record-decks): Other
851999Other sound reproducing apparatus: Other
852020Telephone answering machines
852110Magnetic tape-type
852190Other
852210Pick-up cartridges
852290Other
852540Still image video cameras and other video camera recorders
852712Radio-broadcast receivers capable of operating without an external source of power, including apparatus capable of receiving also radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy: Pocket-size radio cassette-players
852713Radio-broadcast receivers capable of operating without an external source of power, including apparatus capable of receiving also radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy: Other apparatus combined with sound recording or
852719Radio-broadcast receivers capable of operating without an external source of power, including apparatus capable of receiving also radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy: Other
852721Radio-broadcast receivers not capable of operating without an external source of power, of a kind used in motor vehicles, including apparatus capable of receiving also radio-telp...: Combined with sound recording or reproducing apparatus
852729Radio-broadcast receivers not capable of operating without an external source of power, of a kind used in motor vehicles, including apparatus capable of receiving also radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy: Other
852731Other radio-broadcast receivers, including apparatus capable of receiving also radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy: Combined with sound recording or reproducing apparatus
852732Other radio-broadcast receivers, including apparatus capable of receiving also radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy: Not combined with sound recording or reproducing apparatus but combined with a clock
852739Other radio-broadcast receivers, including apparatus capable of receiving also radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy: Other
852812Reception apparatus for television, whether to or not to incorporate radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus: Colour
852813Reception apparatus for television, whether or not incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus: Black and white or other monochrome colour
852821Video monitors: Colour
852830Video projectors
950410Video games of a kind used with a television receiver
ICT04Electronic components852330Cards incorporating a magnetic stripe
853400Printed circuits
854011Cathode-ray television picture tubes, including video monitor cathode-ray tubes: Colour
854012Cathode-ray television picture tubes, including video monitor cathode-ray tubes: Black and white or other monochrome colour
854020Television camera tubes; image converters and intensifiers; other photo-cathode tubes
854040Data/graphic display tubes, colour, with a phosphor dot screen pitch smaller than 0.4 mm
854060Other cathode-ray tubes
854071Microwave tubes (for example, magnetrons, klystrons, travelling wave tubes, carcinotrons), excluding grid-controlled tubes: Magnetrons
854079Microwave tubes (for example, magnetrons, klystrons, travelling wave tubes, carcinotrons), excluding grid-controlled tubes: Other
854081Other valves and tubes: Receiver or amplifier valves and tubes
854089Other valves and tubes: Other
854091Parts: Of cathode-ray tubes
854099Parts: Other
854110Diodes, other than photosensitive or light emitting diodes
854121Transistors, other than photosensitive transistors: With a dissipation rate of less than 1 W
854129Transistors, other than photosensitive transistors: Other
854130Thyristors, diacs and triacs, other than photosensitive devices
854140Photosensitive semiconductor devices, including photovoltaic cells whether or not assembled in modules or made up into panels; light emitting diodes
854150Other semiconductor devices
854160Mounted piezo-electric crystals
854190Parts
854212Monolithic digital integrated circuits: Cards incorporating an electronic integrated circuit (smart cards)
854230Other monolithic integrated circuits
854290Parts
ICT05Miscellaneous852390Other
852910Aerials and aerial reflectors of all kinds; parts suitable for use therewith
852990Other
901320Lasers, other than laser diodes

Second-stage instrumental variable estimation results using PPML on imports of ICT goods during 1996–2018

TBT in levelsTBT using arcsine transformation
Dependent variable:mvihtmqihtmvihtmqiht
arcTBTiht0.218.320.228.27
(0.17)(6.38)(0.17)(6.34)
TBT^ihtoracrTBT^iht {\widehat {TBT}_{iht}}\;{\bf{or}}\;{\bf{acr}}\;{\widehat {TBT}_{iht}} 0.022**0.0320.200.14
(0.011)(0.034)(0.18)(0.35)
Constant22.1***23.5***21.9***23.4***
(0.11)(0.28)(0.37)(0.84)
Observations181971177246181971177246
Pseudo R-squared0.9570.9640.9560.964
Akaike information criterion (AIC)7.23635e+121.58665e+127.33042e+121.58866e+12
Importer-year FE ωitYesYesYesYes
Importer-product FE ωihYesYesYesYes

PPML estimation results on imports of ICT goods during 1996–2018

TBT in levelsTBT using arcsine transformation
Dependent variable:mvihtmqihtmvihtmqiht
arcTBTiht0.032**0.032**0.031**0.031**
(0.016)(0.016)(0.015)(0.015)
Δmviht-1 or Δmqiht-10.00013−0.000180.00016−0.00016
(0.00029)(0.00018)(0.00029)(0.00018)
arcxviht or arcxqiht−0.0000180.000480.000130.00068
(0.00069)(0.00071)(0.00070)(0.00071)
TBTwi‘ht or arcTBTwi‘ht0.019***0.019***0.14***0.13***
(0.0046)(0.0046)(0.037)(0.037)
Constant2.24***2.23***2.06***2.06***
(0.018)(0.016)(0.062)(0.062)
Observations63509635096350963509
Pseudo R-squared0.7110.7110.7110.711
AIC180498.8180498.4180490.7180490.1
Importer-year FE ωitYesYesYesYes
Importer-product FE ωihYesYesYesYes
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2024-0009 | Journal eISSN: 2543-6821 | Journal ISSN: 2544-9001
Language: English
Page range: 97 - 127
Published on: Mar 28, 2024
Published by: Sciendo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year

© 2024 Mahdi Ghodsi, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.