Multinomial logit results: relative risk ratio and average marginal effects
| No participation in foreign language activities (base outcome) | Paid additional foreign language activities | Free additional foreign language activities | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VARIABLES | coeff. | dy/dx | coeff. | dy/dx | coeff. | dy/dx |
| Gender: girl | . | −0.040*** | 1.331*** | 0.024** | 1.397*** | 0.017** |
| . | (0.009) | (0.106) | (0.007) | (0.141) | (0.006) | |
| Child's age | . | −0.009*** | 1.041* | 0.003 | 1.122*** | 0.006*** |
| . | (0.002) | (0.018) | (0.002) | (0.023) | (0.001) | |
| Child in the last grade | . | −0.025 | 1.382** | 0.032** | 0.906 | −0.008 |
| . | (0.013) | (0.152) | (0.011) | (0.127) | (0.007) | |
| Mother's education: below secondary | . | 0.071*** | 0.441*** | −0.065*** | 0.814 | −0.007 |
| . | (0.012) | (0.062) | (0.010) | (0.106) | (0.007) | |
| Mother's education: tertiary | . | −0.081*** | 2.204*** | 0.077*** | 1.192 | 0.004 |
| . | (0.013) | (0.230) | (0.011) | (0.173) | (0.009) | |
| Father's education: below secondary | . | 0.021 | 0.758* | −0.025* | 1.044 | 0.004 |
| . | (0.012) | (0.091) | (0.010) | (0.140) | (0.008) | |
| Father's education: tertiary | . | −0.026 | 1.387** | 0.032** | 0.936 | −0.006 |
| . | (0.015) | (0.165) | (0.012) | (0.179) | (0.010) | |
| Number of children in HH | . | 0.024*** | 0.763*** | −0.024*** | 0.967 | 0.000 |
| . | (0.006) | (0.046) | (0.005) | (0.053) | (0.003) | |
| Single-parent family | . | −0.005 | 0.962 | −0.005 | 1.179 | 0.010 |
| . | (0.015) | (0.130) | (0.012) | (0.194) | (0.010) | |
| Ability to make ends meet | . | −0.023*** | 1.253*** | 0.020*** | 1.096 | 0.003 |
| . | (0.005) | (0.054) | (0.004) | (0.062) | (0.003) | |
| HH buys books | . | −0.057*** | 1.660*** | 0.044*** | 1.323* | 0.012 |
| . | (0.010) | (0.154) | (0.008) | (0.147) | (0.006) | |
| Rural area (DEGURBA) | . | 0.033** | 0.539*** | −0.054*** | 1.317* | 0.021* |
| . | (0.012) | (0.066) | (0.009) | (0.176) | (0.008) | |
| City (DEGURBA) | . | −0.010 | 1.074 | 0.006 | 1.088 | 0.004 |
| . | (0.011) | (0.106) | (0.009) | (0.149) | (0.008) | |
| Constant | . | 0.050*** | 0.010*** | |||
| . | (0.016) | (0.004) | ||||
| Observations | 7,342 | |||||
| Pseudo R2 | 0.113 | |||||
Descriptive statistics for dependent and independent variables_ Participation in foreign language additional activities
| Non-participating (81.97%) | Paid activities (12.04%) | Free activities (5.99%) | Whole sample (100%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender: girl | 46.61% | 52.38% | 54.77% | 47.79% |
| Child's age | 11.31 | 11.34 | 11.92 | 11.35 |
| Child in the last grade | 14.37% | 19.12% | 16.14% | 15.05% |
| Mother's education: below secondary | 42.74% | 10.63% | 35.68% | 38.45% |
| Mother's education: tertiary | 19.69% | 58.37% | 24.77% | 24.65% |
| Father's education: below secondary | 50.25% | 22.17% | 47.50% | 46.70% |
| Father's education: tertiary | 10.67% | 35.07% | 11.82% | 13.67% |
| Number of children in HH | 2.26 | 1.83 | 2.14 | 2.20 |
| Single-parent family | 16.38% | 14.14% | 17.27% | 16.17% |
| Ability to make ends meet (1–6) | 3.01 | 3.66 | 3.18 | 3.10 |
| HH buys books | 38.68% | 67.87% | 47.50% | 42.73% |
| Rural area (DEGURBA) | 36.77% | 16.97% | 41.14% | 34.65% |
| City (DEGURBA) | 30.84% | 47.74% | 30.68% | 32.87% |
| Number of observations | 6018 | 884 | 440 | 7342 |