Professionalisation of Family Firms and Accounting Function: Empirical Evidence

Rieg, Robert; Dobroszek, Justyna; Zarzycka, Ewelina

Professionalisation of Family Firms and Accounting Function: Empirical Evidence

Central European Economic Journal

Volume 9 (2022): Issue 56 (January 2022)

By:

Robert Rieg

, Justyna Dobroszek

and Ewelina Zarzycka

Open Access

|Jun 2022

Figures & Tables

Interaction Plots for F-PEC-P and Firm Size Categories

Descriptive Statistics for Variables Used in Regressions

descriptive statistics		dependent variable	… consists of dichotomized values of …					independent variables
		INTEGRATION	HYBRID	SAMEDEPT	COOPERATE	IT_INTEGR	SAME_DB
		count variable	Accountant for FA and MA	Work in the same department	MA and FA co-operate closely	Integrated IT systems	Use of same database	Size	F_PEC_P
N	Valid	231	231	230	231	230	230	230	231
	Missing	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	0
Mean		2.411	3.459	3.609	3.870	4.139	4.122	226.26	1.029
Median		3	4	4	4	5	5	108.50	1
Std. Deviation		2.083	2.200	2.328	2.305	2.195	2.261	401.11	0.727
Minimum		0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
Maximum		5	7	7	7	7	7	3500	3
		control variables
		logAGE	INDUSTRY	SERVICES	IFRS	PL
N	Valid	231	231	231	231	231
	Missing	0	0	0	0	0
Mean		1.441	0.346	0.506	0.203	0.511
Median		1.415	0	1	0	1
Std. Deviation		0.364	0.477	0.501	0.403	0.501
Minimum		0.301	0	0	0	0
Maximum		2.303	1	1	1	1

Correlations between Variables

Bayes Factor Inference on Pairwise Correlations
		INTEGRATION	logSIZE	F_PEC_P	logAGE	INDUSTRY	SERVICES	IFRS	PL
INTEGRATION	Pearson Correlation	1	−0.131	0.097	0.144	0.035	0.004	−0.090	−0.027
	Bayes Factor		2.714	6.487	1.763	16.576	19.103	7.623	17.584
	N		230	231	231	231	231	231	231
logSIZE	Pearson Correlation		1	−0.217	0.241	0.179	−0.141	0.206	0.010
	Bayes Factor			0.078	0.022	0.464	1.962	0.136	18.883
	N			230	230	230	230	230	230
F_PEC_P	Pearson Correlation			1	−0.001	0.080	0.004	−0.027	0.053
	Bayes Factor				19.130	9.215	19.103	17.576	13.852
	N				231	231	231	231	231
logAGE	Pearson Correlation				1	0.208	−0.155	0.062	−0.554
	Bayes Factor					0.125	1.197	12.342	0.000
	N					231	231	231	231
INDUSTRY	Pearson Correlation					1	−0.737	0.197	−0.016
	Bayes Factor						0.000	0.208	18.598
	N						231	231	231
SERVICES	Pearson Correlation						1	−0.125	0.073
	Bayes Factor							3.189	10.345
	N							231	231
IFRS	Pearson Correlation							1	0.064
	Bayes Factor								11.921
	N								231
PL	Pearson Correlation								1.000
	Bayes Factor
	N								231
Bayes factor: Null versus alternative hypothesis.

Results for Poisson Regression, DV = INTEGRATION

	incidence	90% CI		pd	p value	ROPE [−0.1, 0.1]	Rhat	ESS
	rate ratio	lower bound	upper bound		one-sided	% in ROPE
(Intercept)	2.044	1.22	3.35	98.83%	1.17%	0.00%	1.000	3596
F_PEC_P	0.963	0.88	1.06	74.12%	25.88%	87.06%	1.001	5172
SIZE_100_249	0.921	0.77	1.11	76.98%	23.02%	54.49%	1.000	3997
SIZE_250_499	0.875	0.70	1.09	83.93%	16.07%	38.49%	1.000	3920
SIZE_LARGE	0.785	0.57	1.13	87.40%	12.60%	22.52%	1.001	3848
logAGE	1.366	1.02	1.77	96.70%	3.30%	8.34%	1.000	3439
INDUSTRY	1.096	0.86	1.42	72.12%	27.88%	44.78%	0.999	3023
SERVICES	1.018	0.80	1.28	53.97%	46.03%	52.93%	0.999	3266
IFRS	0.998	0.81	1.25	50.28%	49.72%	59.38%	1.000	5589
PL	1.451	1.21	1.75	99.92%	0.08%	0.00%	1.000	4059

Descriptive Statistics for Sample

Variables	Subset Germanyn = 113		Subset Polandn = 118		Total samplen = 231
year of foundation
mean	1959.19		1997.85		1978.94
min	1817		1947		1817
max	2013		2016		2016
Position of respondents^*
staff management accounting	21	17%	8	7%	29	12%
head of management accounting	40	32%	0	0%	40	17%
staff financial accounting	6	5%	31	28%	37	16%
head of financial accounting	27	22%	68	62%	95	41%
owner of firm	10	8%	2	2%	12	5%
manager	20	16%	1	1%	21	9%
subtotal	124	100%	110	100%	234	100%
^*multiple answers possible
Type of industry
missing	9	8%	0	0%	9	4%
manufacturing	36	32%	21	18%	57	25%
mining, utilities	1	1%	5	4%	6	3%
construction	3	3%	14	12%	17	7%
retail	14	12%	30	25%	44	19%
transportation, logistics	3	3%	10	8%	13	6%
media, communication	9	8%	3	3%	12	5%
financial services	2	2%	3	3%	5	2%
other services	25	22%	18	15%	43	19%
real estate	1	1%	3	3%	4	2%
health & social services	6	5%	9	8%	15	6%
others	4	4%	2	2%	6	3%
subtotal	113	100%	118	100%	231	100%
Legal form
missing	9	8%	0	0%	9	4%
sole proprietorship	4	4%	5	4%	9	4%
limited partnership	2	2%	4	3%	6	3%
private company (GmbH&Co KG)	32	28%	14	12%	46	20%
limited liability company	44	39%	70	59%	114	49%
corporation	11	10%	4	3%	15	6%
others	11	10%	21	18%	32	14%
subtotal	113	100%	118	100%	231	100%
Group affiliation
yes	39	35%	39	33%	78	34%
no	74	65%	79	67%	153	66%
subtotal	113	100%	118	100%	231	100%
if yes
parent company	15	38%	12	31%	27	35%
subsidiary	22	56%	22	56%	44	56%
joint venture	1	3%	3	8%	4	5%
associated (at equity)	1	3%	1	3%	2	3%
special purpose entity	0	0%	1	3%	1	1%
subtotal	39	100%	39	100%	78	100%

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2022-0008 | Journal eISSN: 2543-6821 | Journal ISSN: 2544-9001

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 113 - 131

Published on: Jun 25, 2022

Published by: Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 times per year

Keywords:

accounting function,

empirical evidence,

family firms,

financial accounting,

management accounting

Related subjects:

Business and economics,

Political economics,

Economic theory, systems and structures,

Microeconomics,

Macroeconomics,

Economic policy

© 2022 Robert Rieg, Justyna Dobroszek, Ewelina Zarzycka, published by Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous article Volume 9 (2022): Issue 56 (January 2022)Next article

Professionalisation of Family Firms and Accounting Function: Empirical Evidence

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Descriptive Statistics for Variables Used in Regressions

Correlations between Variables

Results for Poisson Regression, DV = INTEGRATION

Descriptive Statistics for Sample

Paradigm

My account