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ADF test result
| Country | Stationary AIC) | Stationary (BIC) | Stationary (t-stat) | Trend sta. (AIC) | Trend sta. (BIC) | Trend sta. (t-stat) | Nobs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 17 |
| Belgium | ** | 17 | |||||
| Bulgaria | 14 | ||||||
| Croatia | *** | 10 | |||||
| Cyprus | * | 15 | |||||
| Czechia | 15 | ||||||
| Denmark | *** | *** | *** | 17 | |||
| Estonia | *** | *** | * | 16 | |||
| Finland | 16 | ||||||
| France | ** | ** | ** | 15 | |||
| Germany | ** | ** | *** | *** | *** | 15 | |
| Greece | 17 | ||||||
| Hungary | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | 15 | |
| Ireland | *** | *** | *** | 16 | |||
| Italy | *** | *** | *** | 15 | |||
| Latvia | ** | ** | ** | *** | *** | *** | 15 |
| Lithuania | 15 | ||||||
| Luxembourg | * | * | 17 | ||||
| Malta | * | * | * | * | * | * | 15 |
| Netherlands | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | 15 |
| Poland | ** | ** | ** | 15 | |||
| Portugal | ** | ** | ** | 16 | |||
| Romania | ** | ** | 13 | ||||
| Slovakia | 14 | ||||||
| Slovenia | 15 | ||||||
| Spain | 16 | ||||||
| Sweden | *** | *** | *** | ** | ** | ** | 16 |
| United Kingdom | 14 |
Dependent variable ΔGint
| Model | A(1) | A(2) | A(3) | A(4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previous Gini | −0.053*** (0.013) | −0.249*** (0.030) | −0.265*** (0.030) | |
| Financial crisis | 0.321*** (0.110) | |||
| Austria | −0.210 (0.255) | 6.417*** (0.837) | 6.676*** (0.835) | |
| Belgium | −0.171 (0.255) | 6.588*** (0.852) | 6.855*** (0.850) | |
| Bulgaria | 0.707** (0.312) | 9.187*** (1.067) | 9.481*** (1.063) | |
| Croatia | −0.267 (0.389) | 7.329*** (0.989) | 7.497*** (0.982) | |
| Cyprus | 0.246 (0.324) | 7.888*** (0.973) | 8.109*** (0.968) | |
| Czechia | −0.143 (0.312) | 6.075*** (0.807) | 6.201*** (0.802) | |
| Denmark | 0.294 (0.283) | 6.528*** (0.800) | 6.741*** (0.796) | |
| Estonia | −0.663** (0.292) | 7.619*** (1.039) | 7.932*** (1.036) | |
| Finland | 0.085 (0.261) | 6.342*** (0.796) | 6.553*** (0.793) | |
| France | −0.205 (0.268) | 7.022*** (0.910) | 7.318*** (0.908) | |
| Germany | −0.020 (0.261) | 7.017*** (0.886) | 7.278*** (0.883) | |
| Greece | −0.259 (0.249) | 8.180*** (1.048) | 8.548*** (1.047) | |
| Hungary | −0.100 (0.292) | 6.679*** (0.865) | 6.875*** (0.860) | |
| Ireland | −0.271 (0.255) | 7.475*** (0.968) | 7.806*** (0.966) | |
| Italy | −0.175 (0.261) | 7.775*** (0.993) | 8.110*** (0.991) | |
| Latvia | −0.071 (0.312) | 8.871*** (1.121) | 9.172*** (1.117) | |
| Lithuania | −0.060 (0.302) | 8.694*** (1.097) | 9.002*** (1.093) | |
| Luxembourg | 0.076 (0.255) | 7.023*** (0.874) | 7.302*** (0.872) | |
| Malta | 0.071 (0.312) | 6.972*** (0.885) | 7.142*** (0.879) | |
| Netherlands | −0.115 (0.261) | 6.558*** (0.844) | 6.811*** (0.841) | |
| Poland | −0.473 (0.302) | 7.269*** (0.979) | 7.511*** (0.974) | |
| Portugal | −0.281 (0.255) | 8.541*** (1.094) | 8.926*** (1.093) | |
| Romania | −0.179 (0.312) | 8.331*** (1.071) | 8.605*** (1.066) | |
| Slovakia | −0.408 (0.324) | 5.829*** (0.813) | 5.960*** (0.808) | |
| Slovenia | 0.006 (0.292) | 5.880*** (0.761) | 6.017*** (0.757) | |
| Spain | 0.025 (0.261) | 8.351*** (1.037) | 8.710*** (1.036) | |
| Sweden | 0.369 (0.292) | 6.662*** (0.809) | 6.847*** (0.805) | |
| United Kingdom | 0.118 (0.283) | 8.179*** (1.011) | 8.528*** (1.010) | |
| Constant | 1.482*** (0.389) | |||
| Observations | 479 | 479 | 479 | 479 |
| R-squared | 0.033 | 0.048 | 0.173 | 0.189 |
Dependent variable Ginit
| Model | B(1) | B(2) | B(3) | B(4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| logGDPpc | 210.401** (101.18) | 463.717*** (146.76) | ||
| (logGDPpc)2 | −22.158** (10.25) | −46.512*** (15.17) | ||
| (logGDPpc)3 | 0.765** (0.35) | 1.541*** (0.52) | ||
| previous Gini | 0.950*** (0.01) | 0.351*** (0.05) | ||
| Austria | −253.595** (104.02) | −1753.78*** (482.91) | ||
| Belgium | 272.008*** (104.02) | −1437.44*** (479.71) | ||
| Bulgaria | −1451.324***(108.02) | −1902.24*** (385.60) | ||
| Croatia | 500.411* (283.47) | −1291.01** (557.56) | ||
| Cyprus | −377.443*** (145.40) | −1706.16*** (489.32) | ||
| Czechia | 171.240 (145.40) | −1537.05*** (512.88) | ||
| Denmark | −535.120*** (118.87) | −1892.70*** (480.87) | ||
| Estonia | 323.865*** (100.53) | −1448.45*** (508.94) | ||
| Finland | 123.248 (100.53) | −1460.13*** (480.53) | ||
| France | −265.087** (109.12) | −1737.01*** (486.63) | ||
| Germany | −387.554*** (117.02) | −1825.68*** (491.62) | ||
| Greece | 87.160 (104.02) | −1331.06*** (460.23) | ||
| Hungary | −332.505*** (104.51) | −1832.71*** (500.85) | ||
| Ireland | 155.019 (113.32) | −1520.09*** (458.52) | ||
| Italy | −291.261** (120.55) | −1686.74*** (480.19) | ||
| Latvia | 459.139*** (145.40) | −1280.34** (507.37) | ||
| Lithuania | −487.852*** (117.02) | −1868.91*** (510.14) | ||
| Luxembourg | −488.867*** (104.02) | −1838.25*** (454.26) | ||
| Malta | −181.419 (145.40) | −1882.67*** (541.84) | ||
| Netherlands | 58.677 (104.51) | −1571.00*** (476.53) | ||
| Poland | 421.547*** (117.02) | −1298.42*** (501.97) | ||
| Portugal | 686.918*** (110.50) | −1085.10** (483.61) | ||
| Romania | −15.311 (183.48) | −1518.38*** (488.56) | ||
| Slovakia | 596.187*** (162.52) | −1212.39** (526.13) | ||
| Slovenia | −199.579* (104.51) | −1764.69*** (504.61) | ||
| Spain | −240.605** (100.53) | −1695.74*** (486.51) | ||
| Sweden | −578.102*** (113.37) | −1972.66*** (481.94) | ||
| United Kingdom | 324.630*** (113.35) | −1358.44*** (484.78) | ||
| Austria*TIME | 0.140*** (0.05) | 0.122** (0.05) | ||
| Belgium*TIME | −0.122** (0.05) | −0.035 (0.05) | ||
| Bulgaria*TIME | 0.739*** (0.05) | 0.198* (0.11) | ||
| Croatia*TIME | −0.233* (0.14) | −0.109 (0.13) | ||
| Cyprus*TIME | 0.203*** (0.07) | 0.099 (0.07) | ||
| Czechia*TIME | −0.073 (0.07) | 0.012 (0.07) | ||
| Denmark*TIME | 0.279*** (0.06) | 0.192 (0.06) | ||
| Estonia*TIME | −0.145*** (0.05) | −0.030 (0.06) | ||
| Finland*TIME | −0.048 (0.05) | −0.024 (0.05) | ||
| France*TIME | 0.146*** (0.05) | 0.115** (0.05) | ||
| Germany*TIME | 0.207*** (0.06) | 0.159*** (0.06) | ||
| Greece*TIME | −0.027 (0.05) | −0.087* (0.05) | ||
| Hungary*TIME | 0.179*** (0.05) | 0.160*** (0.05) | ||
| Ireland*TIME | −0.062 (0.06) | 0.008 (0.07) | ||
| Italy*TIME | 0.161*** (0.06) | 0.090* (0.06) | ||
| Latvia*TIME | −0.210*** (0.07) | −0.112 (0.07) | ||
| Lithuania*TIME | 0.260*** (0.06) | 0.180** (0.08) | ||
| Luxembourg*TIME | 0.257*** (0.05) | 0.165*** (0.05) | ||
| Malta*TIME | 0.104 (0.07) | 0.185** (0.08) | ||
| Netherlands*TIME | −0.016 (0.05) | 0.032 (0.05) | ||
| Poland*TIME | −0.194*** (0.06) | −0.105** (0.07) | ||
| Portugal*TIME | −0.324*** (0.06) | −0.209*** (0.05) | ||
| Romania*TIME | 0.025 (0.09) | 0.006 (0.10) | ||
| Slovakia*TIME | −0.284*** (0.08) | −0.149* (0.08) | ||
| Slovenia*TIME | 0.111** (0.05) | 0.125** (0.05) | ||
| Spain*TIME | 0.136*** (0.05) | 0.095** (0.05) | ||
| Sweden*TIME | 0.300*** (0.06) | 0.231*** (0.06) | ||
| UK*TIME | −0.145*** (0.06) | −0.073 (0.05) | ||
| constant | −624.115* (331.96) | 1.450*** (0.43) | ||
| Observations | 427 | 427 | 427 | 427 |
| R-squared | 0.185 | 0.913 | 0.933 | 0.946 |