Linear regression results (standard deviations) of the log of net income
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (0 = man, 1 = woman) | −0.2398 (0.0292)**** | −0.2358 (0.0288)**** | −0.2007 (0.0364)**** | −0.1938 (0.0365)**** |
| Age | 0.0418 (0.014)**** | 0.0417 (0.0141)**** | 0.0372 (0.0142)**** | 0.0366 (0.0145)*** |
| Age2 | −0.0006 (0.0002)**** | −0.0006 (0.0002)** | −0.0006 (0.0002)**** | −0.0006 (0.0002)**** |
| Polish language – speaking and understanding | 0.0836 (0.0287)**** | 0.0542 (0.0296)**** | 0.0459 (0.0294)* | 0.0478 (0.0293)* |
| Polish language – writing | −0.0457 (0.0287)* | −0.0627 (0.0293)*** | −0.053 (0.0288)** | −0.0527 (0.0292)** |
| Higher education (0 = no, 1 = yes) | 0.0071 (0.028) | 0.0071 (0.0278) | 0.0159 (0.0282) | 0.0121 (0.0286) |
| The size of the city of origin (base: village): | ||||
| City of 20,000 to 250,000 residents | 0.0587 (0.0371)* | 0.0607 (0.0361)** | 0.0638 (0.0358)** | 0.0585 (0.0361)* |
| City of over 251,000 residents | −0.0258 (0.0386) | −0.018 (0.0374) | −0.011 (0.0374) | −0.0102 (0.0373) |
| Duration of stay (months) | 0.0145 (0.0068)*** | 0.001 (0.0006)** | 0.001 (0.0006)** | |
| Work on declaration (0 = other form, 1 = declaration) | −0.0484 (0.0303)* | −0.0449 (0.0312) | −0.044 (0.0313) | |
| Employment sector (base: construction and industry): | ||||
| Non−specialist services | −0.0493 (0.0373) | −0.2618 (0.1129)*** | ||
| Specialist and other services | −0.0995 (0.043)*** | −0.2842 (0.1499)** | ||
| Working below qualifications (declared) | −0.0468 (0.0311)* | −0.0962 (0.0338)**** | ||
| Network size (log) | 0.0454 (0.0146)**** | 0.0175 (0.0163) | ||
| Non-specialist services × Working below qualifications | 0.0968 (0.0661)* | |||
| Specialist services × Working below qualifications | 0.075 (0.0826) | |||
| Non-specialist services × Network size (log) | 0.0505 (0.0323)* | |||
| Specialist services × Network size (log) | 0.0475 (0.0389) | |||
| Constant | 7.5172 (0.2354)**** | 7.5584 (0.2358)**** | 7.5214 (0.2309)**** | 7.6359 (0.2431)**** |
| Observations | 490 | 490 | 490 | 490 |
| R2 | 0.2047 | 0.2201 | 0.2478 | 0.2551 |
| Prob > F | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
Selected socio-demographic characteristics of the studied population*
| Characteristics | Men | Women | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average age | 31.62 | 34.85 | 33.00 |
| Education [%] | |||
| Higher | 37.50 | 44.29 | 40.41 |
| Secondary | 60.36 | 53.33 | 57.35 |
| Lower | 2.14 | 2.38 | 2.24 |
| Marital status [%] | |||
| Married | 42.50 | 37.14 | 40.20 |
| Cohabiting | 12.86 | 16.67 | 14.49 |
| Unmarried | 46.43 | 37.62 | 42.56 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 8.21 | 20.95 | 13.67 |
| Percentage of people living with children | 36.43 | 44.76 | 40.00 |
| Total duration of stay in Poland (months) | 19.93 | 26.17 | 22.60 |
| The size of the network (number of people) | 28.72 | 32.66 | 30.41 |
| Labour market status [%] | |||
| Employed | 100.00 | 92.77 | 96.95 |
| Unemployed | 0.00 | 4.52 | 1.87 |
| Professionally inactive | 0.00 | 2.71 | 1.18 |
| Illegal stay/work | 9.29 | 12.86 | 10.81 |
| Average monthly net income (PLN) | 2,995.74 | 2,360.07 | 2,723.00 |
| Employment sector [%]** | |||
| Industry | 3.93 | 3.33 | 3.67 |
| Construction | 56.79 | 3.33 | 33.88 |
| Agriculture | 0.71 | 0.00 | 0.41 |
| Trade | 11.79 | 30.00 | 19.59 |
| Hotels and gastronomy | 3.21 | 10.48 | 6.33 |
| Home care services | 0.00 | 16.67 | 7.14 |
| (N) Number of observations | 280 | 210 | 490 |