Can public intervention improve local public sector economic performance? The analysis of Special Economic Zones in Poland

Kopczewska, Katarzyna

doi:10.2478/ceej-2019-0019

Figures & Tables

The expected direct and indirect effects of SEZ. Source: The author.

Expected changes in density distributions under global shift, divergence and convergence. Source: Kopczewska (2014).

Location of SEZ in comparison with non-SEZ business locations in 2016. Note: Firms per capita in intervals 0–0.1–0.15–0.20–0.5–0.75, from light to dark grey; SEZ are given with circles. Source: The author. The location of SEZ from MR (2017), the density of business from Central Statistical Office www.stat.gov.pl.

Panel plots for selected groups of NTS5 units. Source: The author’s results, estimated in R.

Density distributions of 3-year average data in time spans: 1995–1997 and 2014–2016. Source: The author’s results, estimated in R.

P-value of Wilcoxon paired and unpaired tests for similarity of distributions

Firms per inhabitant
	sub10	sub20	sub30	sub40	sub50	sub60	sub1	sub2	sub3	sub4	sub5	sub6
sub10	1	0	0.27	0.5	0	0.74	0	0.85	0	0	0.04	0
sub20	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub30	0.27	0	1	0.6	0	0.09	0	0.06	0	0	0	0
sub40	0.5	0	0.6	1	0	0.13	0	0.21	0	0	0	0
sub50	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub60	0.74	0	0.09	0.13	0	1	0	0.86	0	0	0	0
sub1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0.2	0.26	0	0.79
sub2	0.85	0	0.06	0.21	0	0.86	0	1	0	0	0	0
sub3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.2	0	1	0.5	0	0.09
sub4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.26	0	0.5	1	0	0.1
sub5	0.04	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
sub6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.79	0	0.09	0.1	0	1
PIT revenues per capita
	sub10	sub20	sub30	sub40	sub50	sub60	sub1	sub2	sub3	sub4	sub5	sub6
sub10	1	0	0	0.3	0	0.08	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub20	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub30	0	0	1	0.04	0.94	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub40	0.3	0	0.04	1	0.03	0.61	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub50	0	0	0.94	0.03	1	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub60	0.08	0	0.01	0.61	0.01	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0.39	0.95	0	0.02
sub2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
sub3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.39	0	1	0.62	0	0
sub4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.95	0	0.62	1	0	0.06
sub5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
sub6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.02	0	0	0.06	0	1
Own revenues per capita
	sub10	sub20	sub30	sub40	sub50	sub60	sub1	sub2	sub3	sub4	sub5	sub6
sub10	1	0	0	0.35	0	0.08	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub20	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub30	0	0	1	0.11	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub40	0.35	0	0.11	1	0.01	0.88	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub50	0	0	0.01	0.01	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub60	0.08	0	0	0.88	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0.44	0	0.83
sub2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
sub3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.05	0.01	0
sub4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.44	0	0.05	1	0	0.36
sub5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	1	0
sub6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.83	0	0	0.36	0	1
Public investment per capita
	sub10	sub20	sub30	sub40	sub50	sub60	sub1	sub2	sub3	sub4	sub5	sub6
sub10	1	0.06	0.13	0.98	0.38	0.39	0	0	0.15	0.32	0	0
sub20	0.06	1	0.77	0.18	0.07	0.05	0	0	0	0.01	0	0
sub30	0.13	0.77	1	0.23	0.3	0.18	0	0	0	0.02	0	0
sub40	0.98	0.18	0.23	1	0.45	0.5	0.04	0.03	0.3	0.5	0	0.03
sub50	0.38	0.07	0.3	0.45	1	0.88	0	0	0	0.07	0	0
sub60	0.39	0.05	0.18	0.5	0.88	1	0	0	0	0.04	0	0
sub1	0	0	0	0.04	0	0	1	0.54	0.07	0.28	0.33	0.83
sub2	0	0	0	0.03	0	0	0.54	1	0.02	0.36	0	0.66
sub3	0.15	0	0	0.3	0	0	0.07	0.02	1	0.96	0	0.03
sub4	0.32	0.01	0.02	0.5	0.07	0.04	0.28	0.36	0.96	1	0.05	0.3
sub5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.33	0	0	0.05	1	0.05
sub6	0	0	0	0.03	0	0	0.83	0.66	0.03	0.3	0.05	1
Unemployment rate
	sub10	sub20	sub30	sub40	sub50	sub60	sub1	sub2	sub3	sub4	sub5	sub6
sub10	1	0.1	0.25	0.07	0.01	0.78	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub20	0.1	1	0.42	0.19	0.02	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub30	0.25	0.42	1	0.08	0.01	0.11	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub40	0.07	0.19	0.08	1	0.56	0.02	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub50	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.56	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub60	0.78	0	0.11	0.02	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.02	0.01	0.2	0.13	0.67
sub2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.02	1	0.33	0.89	0.4	0
sub3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0.33	1	0.85	0.19	0
sub4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.2	0.89	0.85	1	0.69	0.17
sub5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.13	0.4	0.19	0.69	1	0.07
sub6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.67	0	0	0.17	0.07	1
Share of population in productive age
	sub10	sub20	sub30	sub40	sub50	sub60	sub1	sub2	sub3	sub4	sub5	sub6
sub10	1	0	0.14	0.36	0	0.09	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub20	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub30	0.14	0	1	0.05	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub40	0.36	0	0.05	1	0	0.72	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub50	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub60	0.09	0	0	0.72	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
sub1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.61	0.22	0.73	0	0.22
sub2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.61	1	0	0.47	0	0
sub3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.22	0	1	0.76	0	0.82
sub4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.73	0.47	0.76	1	0.01	0.68
sub5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	1	0
sub6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.22	0	0.82	0.68	0	1

Summary statistics

Variable	Year	Urban NTS5, no SEZ	Rural and mixed NTS5, no SEZ	Seats of NTS4 authorities, no SEZ	Urban NTS with SEZ	Rural and mixed NTS5 with SEZ	Seats of NTS4 authorities with SEZ
Public investments per capita	1995	403.01	283.21	301.00	359.49	397.02	303.20
	2005	477.10	399.78	355.03	357.10	508.80	462.50
	2015	562.01	573.53	523.73	491.96	671.12	574.01
Own revenues per capita	1995	1,323.31	706.38	817.77	959.60	1,113.19	937.29
	2005	2,299.77	1,285.73	1,758.46	1,859.01	1,825.00	2,122.48
	2015	3,659.58	2,250.30	2,911.66	3,053.13	3,062.19	3,432.31
PIT revenues per capita	1995	312.86	227.43	242.79	265.13	248.52	255.70
	2005	447.29	201.19	387.97	379.16	249.47	470.69
	2015	769.64	433.52	682.69	684.79	533.43	803.61
Firms per inhabitant in productive age	1995	0.11	0.05	0.09	0.09	0.06	0.10
	2005	0.18	0.10	0.15	0.15	0.11	0.16
	2015	0.22	0.11	0.17	0.16	0.13	0.18
Unemployment rate	1995	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
	2005	12.71	13.63	13.01	14.91	14.20	12.22
	2015	6.87	7.69	7.84	7.65	7.49	6.79
Share of population in productive age	1995	0.59	0.55	0.59	0.60	0.56	0.60
	2005	0.64	0.61	0.64	0.65	0.63	0.65
	2015	0.63	0.63	0.63	0.63	0.64	0.63

Can public intervention improve local public sector economic performance? The analysis of Special Economic Zones in Poland

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

P-value of Wilcoxon paired and unpaired tests for similarity of distributions

Summary statistics

Paradigm

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