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Experimental Work on Reinforced Concrete Slender Columns Enhanced by Partial Strengthening Using Steel Plate Strips Cover

Experimental Work on Reinforced Concrete Slender Columns Enhanced by Partial Strengthening Using Steel Plate Strips

Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Open Access
|Oct 2026
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Schematic details of column with strengthening

Table 1:

Details of column specimens

GroupsCol. No.Column designationLength ℓu [m]Eccentricity e [mm]e / h
Without strength1C0E45L1.41.4450.3
2C0E90L1.41.4900.6
0.25L strength3C0.25E45L1.41.4450.3
4C0.25E90L1.41.4900.6
Full strength5Cf E45L1.41.4450.3
6Cf E90L1.41.4900.6
Figure 2:

Fresh concrete tests

Figure 3:

Casting process of concrete

Figure 4:

Curing process

Figure 5:

Strengthening process

Figure 6:

Strain gage

Figure 7:

Testing procedure and instrumentation

Table 2:

Test results of columns

GroupsCol. No.Column designationFirst crack load Pcr [kN]Ultimate load Pu test [kN]Lateral displacement ∆L @ Pu [mm]Energy absorption [EA] [kN.mm]*Energy absorption capacity [EAC] [kN.mm/mm]
Without strength1C0E45L1.4125293.8719.093836.81201.00
2C0E90L1.460136.0219.251534.3079.66
0.25 L strength3C0.25E45L1.4147306.3618.364045.90220.40
4C0.25E90L1.465151.6818.6061733.0093.14
Full strength5Cf E45L1.4165360.0418.094640.06256.51
6Cf E90L1.4160185.7518.282513.30137.50

* EAC= Energy Absorption Capacity = (EA /∆L).

Table 3:

Results of testing hardened SCC

TestCompressive strength f′c [MPa] ASTM C39 / C39MSplitting tensile strength ft [MPa] ASTM C496Flexural strength fr [MPa] ASTM C78Static modulus of elasticity Ec [GPa] ASTM C469
Age (days)72872872828
Experimental results19.2423.222.472.553.484.125.337
Theoretical results calculated by ACI 318 M-19 formulas2.462.702.723.0022.647
Difference [%]----94.4----137----
Figure 8:

Ratio between un-strengthened and strengthened columns for decrease of lateral displacement and load capacity (%)

Figure 9:

Curve of load-lateral displacement at mid-height

Figure 10:

Curve of load-strain at mid-height under - e (45)

Figure 11:

Curve of load-strain at mid-height under - e (90)

Figure 12:

Energy absorption capacity of tested columns (kN.mm/mm)

Figure 13:

Increase in energy absorption capacity of tested columns [%]

Figure 14:

Failure of all columns

Figure 15:

C0E45L1.4

Figure 16:

C0E90L1.4

Figure 17:

C0.25E45L1.4

Figure 18:

C0.25E90L1.4

Figure 19:

Cf E45L1.4

Figure 20:

Cf E90L1.4

Table 4:

Ratio between Ultimate Test Load to Volume of Steel Strengthening (Efficiency Percentage)

e [e/h]Col. No.Column designationUltimate load Pu Test [N]*∆ Pu Test [N]Volume of strengthening vol. [mm3]∆Pu test / vol. [Efficiency %] [N/mm3]
45 [0.3]1C0E45L1.4293.87×103------------
2C0.25E45L1.4306.36×103124909450013.22
3Cf E45L1.4360.04×1036617034650019.10
90 [0.6]4C0E90L1.4136.03×103------------
5C0.25E90L1.4151.68×103156509450016.56
6Cf E90L1.4185.75×1034972034650014.35

* ∆ Pu Test= (Pu strengthened column - Pu un-strengthened column)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2027-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2199-6512 (formerly 1336-5835) | Journal ISSN: 1336-5835
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Language: English
Submitted on: May 11, 2026
Accepted on: Jun 14, 2026
Published on: Oct 15, 2026
Published by: University of Žilina
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Eccentricity,
Longitudinal strips,
RC slender column,
Steel jacketing,
Strengthening with 0.25 length,
Strengthening with full length,
Transverse strips
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Business management,
Industries,
Environmental management

© 2026 Aseel S. Alobaidy, Bassman R. Muhammad, published by University of Žilina
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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